Eleusis - Eleusis (English spelling)

Japanese: エレフシス - えれふしす(英語表記)Eleusis
Eleusis - Eleusis (English spelling)

An important settlement located about 20 km west of the ancient Greek city of Athens. Its ancient name was Eleusis. It faces the Gulf of Eleusis and has a fertile plain behind it. Administratively, it constituted the Eleusis district. Many people from all over Greece participated in the mysteries held in the sanctuary dedicated to the agricultural goddess Demeter and her daughter Persephone (Kore). Eleusis has a long history, and remains of houses dating back to the Mycenaean period have been excavated. It was traditionally thought that it was annexed to Athens in the 7th century BC, but in recent years a strong opinion has been presented that it was already part of Athens at the end of the Mycenaean period. The center of Eleusis consisted of the city area surrounded by a wall, the acropolis, and the sanctuary. In the sanctuary, there was a square telesterion where various religious events were held, built by the tyrant Peisistratos in the 6th century BC and remodeled in the 5th century BC. In 403 BC, immediately after the defeat in the Peloponnesian War, the Acropolis became the base of the Thirty Tyrants. Many buildings were constructed there during the Roman Empire, but after the end of the 4th century, it gradually fell into disuse due to the influence of Christianity and the invasion of the Visigothic king Alaric.

Currently, it is a port city in Attica Prefecture in central-eastern Greece. It has a population of 20,320 (1981). It is part of the Athens-Piraeus coastal industrial zone, and the steel and cement industries are centered around the port. Ruins of Mycenaean buildings and the Telesterion remain.

[Nobuyuki Maezawa]

Ruins of Elefsis
The remains of a hall where various religious ceremonies were held. Built in the 6th century BC and remodeled in the 5th century BC, it was covered with a roof at the time and could accommodate 3,000 people. Elefsis, Greece ©Shogakukan ">

Ruins of Elefsis


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ギリシアのアテナイ(アテネ)市の西方約20キロメートルに位置した重要な集落。古代名はエレウシス。エレフシス湾に面し、背後に肥沃(ひよく)な平野を有する。行政上はエレフシス区を構成した。この地にある農業神デメテルとペルセフォネ(コレ)の母娘神を祀(まつ)る神域で行われた密儀には、ギリシア各地から多くの人々が参加した。エレフシスの歴史は古く、ミケーネ時代に属する住居跡が発掘されている。アテナイへの併合については、従来紀元前7世紀のことと考えられてきたが、すでにミケーネ時代末期にはアテナイ領であったとする有力な見解が近年提出されている。エレフシスの中心は、周壁に囲まれた市域、アクロポリス、神域からなり、神域には、前6世紀に僭主(せんしゅ)ペイシストラトスによって建造され前5世紀に改築された、各種の宗教行事が行われる正方形のテレステリオンがあった。ペロポネソス戦争敗北直後の前403年には、アクロポリスが「三十人僭主」の拠点とされた。ローマ帝政期にも多くの建物が建てられたが、4世紀末以降はキリスト教の影響や西ゴート王アラリックの侵入によりしだいに廃れた。

 現在は、ギリシア中東部、アッティカ県の港町。人口2万0320(1981)。アテネ―ピレエフス臨海工業地帯の一部をなし、港を中心に製鉄、セメント工業が行われている。ミケーネ時代の建造物やテレステリオンなどの遺跡が残る。

[前沢伸行]

エレフシスの遺跡
各種の宗教行事が行われたホールの跡。紀元前6世紀に建造、紀元前5世紀に改築された。当時は屋根で覆われ、3000人を収容できたという。ギリシア エレフシス©Shogakukan">

エレフシスの遺跡


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