Leo von Caprivi

German soldier and politician. He distinguished himself in the Prussian-French War, was promoted to lieutenant general in 1881, and distinguished himself in the administration of the army and navy. After Bismarck's downfall in 1890, he was appointed Imperial Chancellor by Wilhelm II. His term of office (until 1894) is known as the "New Route" period in German political history. He revised the conservative course of the late Bismarck era, and in domestic affairs he abolished the oppressive legislation against socialists, expanded social policies, and promoted the export of industrial products by lowering the protective tariff on grain, implementing moderate policies in response to the changing times. In foreign affairs, he did not renew the Double Security Treaty with Russia, and worked to improve relations with Great Britain. However, he resigned due to a conflict with the emperor, who wanted to reinstate the oppressive legislation.

[Kitani Tsutomu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの軍人、政治家。プロイセン・フランス戦争で戦功をたて、1881年陸軍中将に昇進、以後陸海軍の行政で頭角を現す。1890年ビスマルク失脚後、ウィルヘルム2世によって帝国宰相に任命された。彼の在任期間（1894年まで）はドイツの政治史上「新航路」の時代という。ビスマルク時代末期の保守路線を修正、内政では社会主義者に対する弾圧立法が廃止され、社会政策の拡充、穀物保護関税の引下げによる工業製品輸出の促進など、時代の変化に応じた穏健な政策が行われた。外交の面ではロシアとの二重保障条約を更新せず、イギリスとの関係改善に努めた。しかし、弾圧立法の復活を望む皇帝と対立したため辞任した。

［木谷　勤］

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