...For pharmaceuticals that may be ingested or come into contact with the human body, as well as food additives, insecticides, household products, and pesticides, lethal doses are determined using animal experiments (usually using homeothermic animals) to estimate safety for humans. Lethal doses can be expressed as the minimum amount required to kill an animal (minimum lethal dose, MLD), the maximum amount that causes death when exceeded (maximum tolerated dose, MTD), or the amount that kills 50% of the population (50% lethal dose, LD 50 ), and are expressed as LD 50 (rats), including the animals used in the experiment. Animal deaths increase as the dosage increases, and an S-shaped curve (called a dose-response curve) is obtained by plotting the dosage on the horizontal axis and the number of deaths on the vertical axis. *Some of the terminology that mentions "MTD" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…人体に摂取されたり接触する可能性のある医薬品をはじめ,食品添加物,殺虫剤,家庭用品や農薬などでは,ヒトに対する安全性を推定するために,動物実験(通常,定温動物)を用いて致死量が求められる。 致死量の表現としては,動物を死亡させるのに要する最小量(最小致死量minimum lethal dosis,MLDという),あるいはその量を超えるとき死亡を起こす最大量(最大耐量maximum tolerated dosis,MTDという),母集団の50%が死亡する量(50%致死量lethal dosis 50,LD50という)などがあり,実験に用いた動物をも含めて,LD50(ラット)などと表示する。動物の死亡は投与量が増すにしたがって増加するもので,用量を横軸に,死亡数を縦軸にとるとS字状の曲線(用量‐反応曲線という)が得られる。… ※「MTD」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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