XYZ Incident

Japanese: XYZ 事件 - えっくすわいぜっとじけん

…During his presidency, he faced fierce opposition from the Hamiltonians within the ruling Federalist Party and was unable to establish leadership even within the cabinet, while he was also subjected to harsh criticism from the opposition Republican Party over his diplomacy with France after the French Revolution. In diplomacy with France, he took a position of avoiding war with France, and managed to avoid criticism by making public France's rude demands on the envoy sent to adjust diplomatic relations (XYZ Affair). However, the Alien Act and Sedition Act (1798), which he enacted for domestic measures, only added fuel to the criticism from the Republicans, leading to his defeat in the 1800 presidential election and the first change of government. In terms of political thought, he was consistent in emphasizing the "balance of checks and balances" among the three branches of government, and is considered a representative figure of American conservatives. …

[Pinkney]

…He was appointed minister to France in 1796, but France refused to accept his post. In 1797, he was sent to France to negotiate with France, but he refused the bribes demanded by French officials and returned home, causing temporary tension with France in the XYZ Affair. In 1800, he was nominated as the Federalists' vice-presidential candidate, and in 1804 and 1808, he was nominated as the party's presidential candidate, but was not elected. …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "XYZ Incident" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…大統領在職中は与党のフェデラリスト内部からハミルトン派の激しい対抗にあって内閣においてさえ主導権を確立できなかった一方，フランス革命後の対仏外交をめぐって野党リパブリカンの厳しい批判にもさらされた。対仏外交ではフランスとの戦争に突入することを避ける立場をとり，国交調整のために派遣した特使に対するフランスの非礼な要求を公表(XYZ事件)して批判をかわす目途をつけたものの，国内対策のために制定した外人法･治安法(1798)はリパブリカンの批判に油を注ぐことになり，1800年大統領選挙で敗れ，初めての政権交代が実現する原因となった。政治思想においては，政府三権間の〈牽制均衡〉を重視する点で一貫しており，アメリカの保守主義者の代表的な人物として位置づけられている。…