They are also called olefinic hydrocarbons, alkenes, or alkylenes. They are homologues of hydrocarbons with one double bond. Their general formula is C n H 2 n , where n is 2 for ethylene, 3 for propylene, 4 for butylene, and 5 for amylene. Those with fewer carbon atoms are found in natural gas, while those with a relatively large number are found in petroleum. Their boiling points are slightly higher than those of the corresponding methane-based hydrocarbons. They are sparingly soluble in water, but soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. Because they have double bonds, they are highly reactive and undergo industrially important reactions such as addition reactions (with hydrogen halides and halogens), oxidation reactions (the production of glycols and ozonides), and polymerization reactions. Because they have double bonds, cis and trans isomers may exist. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
オレフィン系炭化水素ともアルケン,アルキレンともいわれる。二重結合を1個もつ炭化水素の同族体である。一般式は CnH2n で,n が2のものはエチレン,3はプロピレン,4はブチレン,5はアミレンである。炭素原子数の少いものは天然ガス中に含まれ,比較的多いものは石油中に含まれる。沸点は対応するメタン系炭化水素より少し高い。水に難溶,濃硫酸に溶ける。二重結合をもつために反応性が強く,付加反応 (ハロゲン化水素やハロゲン) ,酸化反応 (グリコールの生成やオゾニドの生成) ,重合反応など工業的に重要な反応を行う。二重結合をもっているので,シス,トランス異性体の存在する場合がある。
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