In Greek mythology, she is the goddess of knowledge, arts, and martial arts. She was the daughter of Zeus, the chief god of Greece, and Metis (Prudence), the daughter of Oceanus, the god of the sea. Zeus swallowed her, fearing a prophecy from the earth god Gaia that if Metis became pregnant, her child would usurp the throne. However, she was soon struck by a severe headache, so she had Hephaestus split her forehead with an axe, from which Athena was born fully armed. Athena was probably a god of the indigenous Greeks, and this legend is probably the result of a fusion of that old worship with the new faith of the conquering Greeks, who made Zeus their chief god. Athene, a goddess who joined the twelve gods of Olympus, used her mother's wisdom to fight the giants and fought with Poseidon, the sea god, over the land of Attica. Poseidon struck the Acropolis with a trident and caused a saltwater spring to gush forth, but when Athene made olive trees sprout, the gods granted her victory and Attica became hers. After that, Athene helped many heroes as the guardian deity of Attica. Athene also became the patron god of various techniques and crafts (weaving, pottery, metallurgy, medicine, etc.) and also became the goddess of music after inventing the flute, but she is generally known as the goddess of war, appearing as an armed and dignified virgin. However, unlike Ares, Athene did not like violent battles and always guided the chosen heroes from an intellectual perspective. For this reason, in Homer's tales, she is particularly active as the patron god of the sagacious Odysseus. Athene is often called Pallas, and is identified with Minerva in Rome and Neith in Egypt. [Masahiro Ogawa] 200 BC, marble, height 48.26cm, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Greece Athens Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア神話の、知識、技芸、武の女神。ギリシアの主神ゼウスと海神オケアノスの娘メティス(思慮)との娘。ゼウスはメティスが身ごもると、その子が王座を奪うという地神ガイアの預言を恐れて彼女を飲み込んだ。しかし、やがて激しい頭痛に襲われたのでヘファイストスに斧(おの)で自分の額を割らせると、そこから完全武装した姿のアテネが生まれ出たといわれる。おそらくアテネはギリシア先住民族の神で、この伝説は、その古い崇拝と、ゼウスを主神とする征服者ギリシア人の新しい信仰との融合の結果であろう。 オリンポスの十二神に加わった女神アテネは、母親譲りの賢明さを発揮して巨人族と戦い、アッティカの地をめぐって海神ポセイドンと争った。ポセイドンは三叉(さんさ)の槍(やり)でアクロポリスを撃ち、塩水の泉を湧(わ)き出させたが、アテネがオリーブを芽生えさせると、神々は女神に勝利を授けてアッティカを彼女のものとした。その後、アテネはアッティカの守護神として多くの英雄たちを助けた。 さらにアテネはさまざまな技術、工芸(織物、陶器、冶金(やきん)、医術など)の保護神となり、またフルートを発明して音楽の神にもなったが、一般には戦(いくさ)の神として、武装した威厳のある処女の姿で知られている。しかし、アテネはアレスとは違って狂暴な戦闘を好まず、選ばれた英雄たちをつねに知性的な面から指導した。そのためホメロスの物語では、とくに知謀にたけたオデュッセウスの守り神として活躍している。なお、アテネはしばしばパラスともよばれ、ローマではミネルバ、エジプトではネイトと同一視されている。 [小川正広] 紀元前200年ころ 大理石 高さ48.26cm ギリシアメトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> アテネ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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