Prong horn

Japanese: エダヅノレイヨウ - えだづのれいよう(英語表記)prong horn
Prong horn

It is an animal of the Pronghorn family of the Mammalia order, Artiodactyla. It is one genus and one species. It is also called the pronghorn or the horned antelope. It evolved in North America and is different from typical antelopes. It is about the size of a medium-sized deer, with a head and body length of 1 to 1.45 meters, a height of 88 to 105 centimeters, and a weight of 32 to 63 kilograms. Its coat is light reddish brown, and its face, forechest, abdomen, and rump are white. It has no dew hooves. It has horns on its head, and some males can reach 51 centimeters in length, but females have small horns and some do not have any. These horns are unique to the Pronghorn family, and consist of a keratinized sheath over a bone core covered with hairy skin, which falls off every year like deer. The presence of a bone core is similar to that of the Bovidae family, but the horn shedding is similar to that of the Cervidae family.

They live in groups in the prairies of southwestern Canada, the western United States, and northern Mexico. They are in rutting season from August to September, when males fight fiercely and establish territories by placing secretions from their cheek glands in specific locations. During rutting season, several to 15 females stay in the male's territory, but females do not associate with a specific male and are often seen moving between territories one after another. Males shed their horns in October to November after the rutting season ends. They have very large eyes, about the size of a horse's, and have sharp eyesight, allowing them to see objects up to 5 to 7.4 kilometers away. The white spots on their rump serve as visual signals in the event of danger, and are spread wide when they are alert. At the same time, they emit a strong odor from secretory glands on their tail and lower back that can be detected even from a distance of 100 meters. They are fast gallopers, and can run short distances at speeds of 80 to 96 kilometers per hour. They reach maturity at 15-16 months. The gestation period is 230-240 days, and they usually give birth to two calves. The calves weigh 1.8-2.4 kilograms and are never together, but hide in the bush about 80-100 meters apart. The mother visits her calves when nursing, and hides them for about three weeks.

It is said that there were about 40 million of them around 1800, but overhunting caused a dramatic decline, with the number dropping to as low as 19,000 at one point. However, they are now protected, and the population has recovered to about 400,000. They are difficult to raise, and it is even difficult to keep them alive for more than a year.

[Mitsuko Masui]

Pronghorn
It is an animal of the Pronghorn family, and there is only one species in one genus. It is found in the prairies of southwestern Canada, western United States, and northern Mexico. Its body color is light reddish brown, and its face, prothorax, abdomen, and rump are white. It is also known as the Japanese serow. Its head and body length is 100-145 cm, shoulder height is 88-105 cm, and weight is 32-63 kg. ©Shogakukan ">

Pronghorn


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目プロングホーン科の動物。1属1種。プロングホーン、エダヅノカモシカともいう。北アメリカで進化したもので、典型的なレイヨウ類とは異なる。大きさは中形のシカぐらいで、頭胴長1~1.45メートル、体高88~105センチメートル、体重32~63キログラム。毛色は明るい赤褐色で、顔や前胸、腹部、臀部(でんぶ)は白い。副蹄はない。頭部には角(つの)を有し、雄では51センチメートルにも達するものもあるが、雌の角は小さく、なかにはないものもある。この角はプロングホーン科独特のもので、有毛の皮膚で覆われた骨芯(こっしん)の上に、角質化した鞘(さや)がかぶっており、この鞘はシカのように毎年抜け落ちる。骨芯のあるところはウシ科に似るが、角が脱換する点ではシカ科に似る。

 カナダ南西部、アメリカ合衆国西部、メキシコ北部の大草原地帯に群れをなして生息する。8~9月が発情期で、雄どうしは激しく争い、頬腺(きょうせん)から出る分泌物を特定の場所につけ、縄張り(テリトリー)を確立する。発情期の間は数頭から15頭ほどの雌が雄の縄張り内にとどまるが、雌は特定の雄とは結び付かず、次々と縄張り間を移動することがしばしばみられる。雄の角は発情期終了後の10~11月に脱角する。目がたいへん大きく、ウマの目ぐらいの大きさがあり、視力も鋭く、5~7.4キロメートルぐらい先のものまで見える。臀部にある白斑(はくはん)は危険に際して視覚信号として役だち、警戒時には大きく広げる。同時に尾と腰にある分泌腺から、100メートル離れていても気づくほどの強いにおいを発する。駆ける速度は速く、短い距離なら時速80~96キロメートルのスピードで駆けられる。生後15~16か月で成熟する。妊娠期間は230~240日、普通1産2子を産する。生まれた子は体重1.8~2.4キログラムで、2頭いっしょにいることはなく、80~100メートルほど互いに離れて茂みに隠れている。母獣は授乳時に子の所を訪れ、3週間ほど子を隠している。

 1800年ごろには4000万頭ぐらいいたといわれるが、乱獲で激減し、一時は1万9000頭にまで減ってしまった。しかし現在は保護され、40万頭ぐらいまで回復している。飼育が困難な動物で、1年以上生かすことすらむずかしい。

[増井光子]

エダヅノレイヨウ(プロングホーン)
プロングホーン科の動物で、1属1種。カナダ南西部、アメリカ西部、メキシコ北部の大草原地帯に分布する。体色は明るい赤褐色で、顔や前胸、腹部、臀部は白い。別名エダヅノカモシカ。頭胴長100~145cm、肩高88~105cm、体重32~63kg©Shogakukan">

エダヅノレイヨウ(プロングホーン)


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