A war fought between Greece and Turkey (1919-1922). During World War I, the Greek army, which was one of the victorious nations under the leadership of Venizelos, landed in Izmir, Turkey, Asia Minor, in May 1919 and occupied the city with the support of Britain during the Paris Peace Conference, in order to achieve their long-cherished goal of "Great Hellenicism," which aimed to restore the Byzantine Empire. However, on the Turkish side, Kemal Atatürk (Kemal Pasha), a man who saved the country, emerged from the chaos of the defeat in World War I, and led the Turkish Nationalist Party to expel the enemy army from the land that had been seized by Greece under the Treaty of Sevres (1922). He also abolished the Sultanate system, and thus ended the Ottoman Empire. With Turkey's victory, the Lausanne Conference, held from November 1922 to July of the following year, abolished the Treaty of Sevres. [Kazuji Toyoda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア・トルコ間に戦われた戦争(1919~1922)。第一次世界大戦に際し、ベニゼロスの指導下で戦勝国に列したギリシア軍は、ビザンティン帝国の復興をもくろむ念願の「大ギリシア主義」を達成すべく、パリ講和会議の議定中にイギリスの支持を受けて、1919年5月小アジアのトルコのイズミルに上陸、占領した。しかし、トルコ側には、第一次大戦の敗戦の混乱のなかから救国の士ケマル・アタチュルク(ケマル・パシャ)が現れ、トルコ国民党を率いて、セーブル条約によってギリシアに奪われた土地から敵軍を追放した(1922)。またスルタン制を廃し、ここにオスマン朝は滅んだ。トルコの勝利により、1922年11月から翌年7月のローザンヌ会議、同条約によってセーブル条約は廃された。 [豊田和二] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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