The degree of accuracy of a ruler or measuring instrument, measurement method, or measurement result, expressed numerically. There are various ways to express precision, which differs depending on the field. The precision of a ruler is usually expressed as the smallest value that can be read on the ruler, but when measuring the length of an object with a ruler, the precision is expressed by the bias of the measurement, and the degree to which that bias is small is called accuracy. In the case of instruments, the maximum unavoidable error when a measurement is made using the instrument under certain conditions is used. In this case, precision can be expressed quantitatively using the maximum error value or as a percentage of the amount being measured. The precision of multiple measurements of the same product or multiple measurements of the same object or event is expressed using the statistically determined standard deviation. In metrology, the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) "Measurement Terminology: JIS Z 8103" defines accuracy as "the degree of agreement with the true value of the measured quantity, including the accuracy and precision of the measurement result," and defines accuracy as "the degree of small bias" and precision as "the degree of small variation." On the other hand, in statistical terms, accuracy is used to mean precision, which indicates the degree of variation. [Koizumi Kesakatsu and Imai Hidetaka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物差しや計器、測定方法や測定結果の正確さで、数値で表される度合い。精度の表し方にはいろいろあって、分野により異なる。物差しの精度は普通、その物差しで読み取れる最小の値で表すが、物差しで物の長さを計るときの精度は測定値の偏りを用い、その偏りが小さい程度を正確さという。計器などの場合は、一定の条件のもとでその計器を用いて測定をしたときに、避けられない誤差の最大値を用いる。この場合、精度を数量的に表すのに、最大誤差の値を用いる場合と、その測定される量に対する百分率を用いる場合とがある。同一製品の多数個の測定または同一物や事象の多数回測定の精度は、統計的に求めた標準偏差を用いて表す。 計測学においては日本工業規格(JIS(ジス))「計測用語:JIS Z 8103」で、精度(accuracy)を「測定結果の正確さと精密さを含めた、測定量の真の値との一致の度合い」と定義し、正確さを「かたよりの小さい程度」、精密さを「ばらつきの小さい程度」としている。一方、統計用語では精度を、ばらつきの程度を表すprecisionの意味で採用している。 [小泉袈裟勝・今井秀孝] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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