Shingun - Shingun

Under the ancient Ritsuryo system, the entire district of the Kokugun system was the territory of the shrine or shrine. Since the founding of Ise Shrine, the surrounding land was considered sacred land, but with the implementation of the Kokugun system in the Taika Reforms, the land was divided into two districts, Watarai and Taki, which were designated as divine districts, and the revenues from these districts were not put into the national treasury but were all paid to the shrine and used for its purposes. Later, by the end of the Heian period, eight districts in Ise Province had been designated divine districts. In addition, as of 723 (the 7th year of Yoro), Awa County, Awa Province (Chiba Prefecture) was assigned to Awa Shrine, Oou County, Izumo Province (Shimane Prefecture) was assigned to Izumo Taisha Shrine, Munakata County, Chikuzen Province (Fukuoka Prefecture) was assigned to Munakata Taisha Shrine, Kashima County, Hitachi Province (Ibaraki Prefecture) was assigned to Kashima Shrine, Katori County, Shimousa Province (Chiba Prefecture) was assigned to Katori Shrine, and Namakusa County, Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture) was assigned to Hinokuma and Kunikakasu Shrines, but these were lost with the collapse of the Ritsuryo system.

[Junichi Kamata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代律令制(りつりょうせい)下、国郡制の郡全体を神宮・神社の領地とされていたその郡のこと。伊勢(いせ)の神宮では創建当初よりその周辺の地を神地(かんどこ)としていたが、大化改新による国郡制の施行とともに、その地を度会(わたらい)・多気(たき)の2郡とし、それを神郡と定めて、その郡よりの収入は国庫に入れるのではなく、すべて神宮に納め、その用途にあてることとし、のち平安末期までに伊勢国8郡が神郡とされていた。ほかに723年（養老7）の時点で、安房(あわ)神社に安房国（千葉県）安房郡が、出雲(いずも)大社に出雲国（島根県）意宇(おう)郡が、宗像(むなかた)大社に筑前(ちくぜん)国（福岡県）宗像郡が、鹿島(かしま)神宮に常陸(ひたち)国（茨城県）鹿島郡が、香取神宮に下総(しもうさ)国（千葉県）香取郡が、日前(ひのくま)・国懸(くにかかす)神宮に紀伊国（和歌山県）名草郡が定められていたが、律令制の崩壊とともに消失した。

［鎌田純一］

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