General theory of relativity

Japanese: 一般相対性理論 - いっぱんそうたいせいりろん
General theory of relativity

This theory of space and time was completed by Einstein between 1915 and 1916, and is also a relativistic theory of gravity. The theory of relativity, discovered by Einstein in 1905, clarifies that coordinate systems that move with each other at a uniform velocity (motion in which the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change over time) are equivalent in describing physical laws. In this case, it is also called the special theory of relativity because it is a theory of relativity for the "special motion" of uniform motion. In contrast, the general theory of relativity is an extension of the theory of relativity to general motion between coordinate systems. This theory is based on the physical basis of the equivalence principle, which considers gravity and inertial force to be the same, and was completed by the mathematical requirement of covariance for general transformations of coordinate systems. Currently, this theory is helping to elucidate the relativistic effects of gravity in the universe, and also plays an important role in the search for a unified theory of elementary particle interactions (unified field theory) through gauge theory.

[Fumitake Sato]

"Illustrated Einstein's Theory of Relativity - Special and General Relativity and Cosmology" by S. Gibilisco, translated by Kojima Hideo (1989, Ohtake Publishing)""Theory of Relativity" by Tomita Kenji (1990, Maruzen)""On Special and General Relativity" by Albert Einstein, translated by Kaneko Tsutomu (1991, Hakuyosha)""An Amazingly Easy Understanding of the Theory of Relativity" by Martin Gardner, translated by Kaneko Tsutomu, revised new edition (1992, Hakuyosha)""The Concept of the Theory of Relativity" by Sunagawa Shigenobu (1993, Iwanami Shoten)""Einstein's Theory of Relativity" by Ernst Cassirer, translated and annotated by Yamamoto Yoshitaka, revised new edition (1996, Kawade Shobo Shinsha)""An Easy-to-Understand Theory of Relativity" by Matsuda Takuya and Nimase Toshifumi (1996, Kodansha)""Theory of Relativity" by Kodama Hideo (1997, Baifukan)""General Theory of Relativity" by Sato Fumitaka and Kodama Hideo (2000, Iwanami Shoten)""Theory of Relativity" by Kubota Takahiro and Sasaki Takashi (2001, Shokabo)""Illustrated Book to Help You Understand the Theory of Relativity, edited by Sato Katsuhiko (2003, PHP Institute)""Theory of Relativity" by A. Einstein, translated by Uchiyama Tatsuo (Iwanami Bunko)"

[References] | Einstein | Universe | Cosmology | Space | Gauge theory | Time | Gravity | Interaction |Theory of relativity | Unified field theory | Uniform motion | Special theory of relativity

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アインシュタインが1915年から1916年にかけて完成した、時間・空間に関する理論であり、同時にそれは重力の相対論的理論ともなっている。1905年にアインシュタインによりみいだされた相対性理論は、互いに等速運動(速度の大きさおよび方向が時間的に変化しない運動)している座標系が物理法則を記述するうえで対等であることを明らかにしている。この場合には、等速運動という「特殊な運動」に対する相対性理論なので特殊相対性理論ともよばれる。それに対して、座標系間の一般の運動に対して相対性理論を拡張したのが、一般相対性理論である。この理論は、重力と慣性力を同一のものとみなす等価原理を物理的基礎とし、座標系の一般的変換に対する共変性という数学的要請により完成した。現在この理論は、宇宙における重力の相対論的効果の解明に役だっているほか、ゲージ理論による素粒子相互作用の統一理論(統一場理論)探究にも大事な役割を果たしている。

[佐藤文隆]

『S・ギビリスコ著、小島英夫訳『図説 アインシュタインの相対性理論――特殊および一般相対性理論と宇宙論』(1989・大竹出版)』『冨田憲二著『相対性理論』(1990・丸善)』『アルバート・アインシュタイン著、金子務訳『特殊および一般相対性理論について』(1991・白揚社)』『マーティン・ガードナー著、金子務訳『相対性理論が驚異的によくわかる』改訂新版(1992・白揚社)』『砂川重信著『相対性理論の考え方』(1993・岩波書店)』『エルンスト・カッシーラー著、山本義隆訳・解説『アインシュタインの相対性理論』改訂新装版(1996・河出書房新社)』『松田卓也・二間瀬敏史著『なっとくする相対性理論』(1996・講談社)』『小玉英雄著『相対性理論』(1997・培風館)』『佐藤文隆・小玉英雄著『一般相対性理論』(2000・岩波書店)』『窪田高弘・佐々木隆著『相対性理論』(2001・裳華房)』『佐藤勝彦監修『図解 相対性理論がみるみるわかる本』(2003・PHP研究所)』『A・アインシュタイン著、内山龍雄訳『相対性理論』(岩波文庫)』

[参照項目] | アインシュタイン | 宇宙 | 宇宙論 | 空間 | ゲージ理論 | 時間 | 重力 | 相互作用 | 相対性理論 | 統一場理論 | 等速運動 | 特殊相対性理論

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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