Eustathios (Bishop of Sebaste)

Japanese: エウスタティオス(セバステ主教) - えうすたてぃおす
Eustathios (Bishop of Sebaste)

...Monasticism was also strongly influenced by Syria. Eustathios, Bishop of Sebaste, taught extreme asceticism and solitude, but his disciple Basil the Elder, who opposed him for doctrinal reasons, popularized a monasticism based on symbiosis. Basil's monastic rules were adopted almost without exception by subsequent Eastern monasteries.

From the Monastery


[Eastern Monasteries]
The forms of monasticism in the Orient were diverse. In Gaza and Judaea in Palestine, the form of scattered monasteries called laura was common, and in Syria, there were many monks who performed asceticism on high pillars, and the ruins of a monastery called "Simeon's Castle" (Qal'at Semaan Monastery) have been preserved to this day. It was Armenian bishop Eustathios (c. 300-c. 377) who spread monasticism to the desolate Cappadocia region in the north of Syria, but Basil, who became a monk at his recommendation, is more famous historically. Like Pachomius, Basil based his monastic life on communal cohabitation and the sharing of property, and placed importance on the obedience, obedience, and work of monks, which he wrote down as discipline. The "Rules of Basil" became the basic rules for monasteries belonging to the Eastern Orthodox Church.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "Eustathios (Bishop of Sebaste)" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…また修道制はシリアの影響が強かった。セバステ主教エウスタティオスEustathiosは極端な禁欲隠遁の教えを伝えたが,その弟子で,教義上の理由から師と対立した大バシレイオスが共住制を基盤とする修道制を広めた。バシレイオスの修道規則はその後の東方の修道院にほとんど例外なく採用された。…

【修道院】より


[東方の修道院]
 オリエント諸地方の修道形態は多様であって,パレスティナのガザやユダイアではラウラlauraと呼ばれる散居修道院の形式が多かったし,シリアでは高い柱の上で苦行する柱頭行者が多く,〈シメオンの城〉と名付けられた修道院遺跡(カラト・セマーン修道院)はその一端を今日にまで伝えている。シリアの北方の荒涼たるカッパドキア地方に修道制を広めたのはアルメニアの主教エウスタティオスEustathios(300ころ‐377ころ)であるが,ここでは彼の勧めで修道士となったバシレイオスの方が歴史上著名である。バシレイオスはパコミウスと同様に集団的な共住主義と財産共有主義を修道生活の基盤とし,修道士の服従と従順および労働を重視し,それを戒律として書き残したが,この〈バシレイオス会則〉こそ東方正教会所属の修道院における基本準則となったものである。…

※「エウスタティオス(セバステ主教)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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