An organic chemical reaction in which two molecules of aldehyde are oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid and the other is reduced to the corresponding alcohol by the action of an alkali. In 1832, the Germans Liebig and Wöhler discovered that treating benzaldehyde with an alkali produces benzoic acid, but in 1853, the Italian Cannizzaro showed that benzyl alcohol could be obtained along with benzoic acid, and the reaction came to be named after him ( ).Even when the reaction is carried out in deuterium oxide, the methylene of the resulting alcohol does not acquire deuterium, so a disproportionation reaction occurs between two aldehyde molecules, in which one aldehyde molecule is oxidized to a carboxylic acid and the other aldehyde molecule is simultaneously reduced to an alcohol. If there is a hydrogen atom at the α (alpha) position of the aldehyde, aldol condensation takes precedence, so this reaction is often used with aromatic aldehydes that do not have an α-hydrogen. It can also occur between two types of aldehydes (crossed Cannizzaro reaction), but because it is difficult to separate the resulting mixture, it is only used when one of the aldehydes is formaldehyde. This reaction is useful in organic synthesis. [Yasuhide Yukawa and Masaru Hirota, February 17, 2016] [References] | | | | | |Two molecules of benzaldehyde react, one of which is oxidized to sodium benzoate and the other is reduced to benzyl alcohol. This type of reaction is generally called a disproportionation reaction . Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde (... Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アルデヒド2分子がアルカリの作用により、1分子は対応するカルボン酸に酸化され、もう1分子は対応するアルコールに還元される有機化学反応。ベンズアルデヒドにアルカリを作用させると安息香酸を生ずることは1832年ドイツのリービヒとウェーラーによりみいだされていたが、1853年イタリアのカニッツァーロは安息香酸とともにベンジルアルコールが得られることを示したので彼の名でよばれるようになった( )。重水中で反応させても生成アルコールのメチレンには重水素が入らないから、アルデヒド2分子の間で、一方のアルデヒド分子が酸化されてカルボン酸になり同時に他方のアルデヒド分子が還元されてアルコールになる不均化反応がおこっている。アルデヒドのα(アルファ)位置に水素があるとアルドール縮合のほうが優先するので、この反応はα-水素をもたない芳香族アルデヒドによく用いられる。2種類のアルデヒド間でもおこる(交差カニッツァーロ反応)が、生成する混合物の分離が困難になるので一方がホルムアルデヒドのときにだけ利用される。有機合成に有用な反応である。 [湯川泰秀・廣田 穰 2016年2月17日] [参照項目] | | | | | |2分子のベンズアルデヒドが反応し、一方が酸化されて安息香酸ナトリウムになり、他方は還元されてベンジルアルコールになる。このような反応を一般に不均化反応という©Shogakukan"> ベンズアルデヒドのカニッツァーロ反応(… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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