… The expansion of the organizational scale also affects the management layer, leading to vertical specialization of decision-making. When viewed from the perspective of vertical specialization of decision-making, organizational structures are classified into top management, or the highest management (executive) layer, middle management, or the middle management layer, and lower management, or the lower management (supervisors) layer. In the narrow sense, management usually refers to the middle management layer, and sometimes includes the highest management layer, but never includes the lower management layer. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "junior managers" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 組織規模の拡大は,また管理者層にも作用し,意思決定の垂直的専門化をもたらす。組織構造を意思決定の垂直的専門化の観点から見れば,トップ・マネジメント=最高管理者(経営者)層,ミドル・マネジメント=中間管理者層,ロワー・マネジメント=下級管理者(監督者)層に分類される。狭義の管理職とは,通常,中間管理者層のことであり,ときには最高管理者層を含むことはあるが,下級管理者層を含むことはない。… ※「下級管理者」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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