Pupil - Eye

Japanese: 瞳孔 - どうこう
Pupil - Eye

When you look into the eyeball, you can see a circular black area from the center to the nose. This is the pupil. It is commonly called the pupil. The pupil is formed by the iris that surrounds it. The iris is an elongated part of the choroid that envelops the eye, and its name comes from the fact that its color varies from individual to individual. In Westerners, the iris often appears blue. The iris is a ring-shaped contractile disk, and the size and shape of the pupil changes autonomously depending on the relative actions of the pupillary sphincter and pupillary dilator muscles inside it. This change is about 2 to 6 millimeters in diameter. In normal people, the size of the pupils is the same on both sides, but there are cases where they are unequal. When the pupils are significantly different in size, it is called anisocoria, which can be congenital or acquired. Acquired conditions are often seen when mydriatic or miotic drugs are used in one eye, or in cases of systemic diseases such as glaucoma, iris synechiae, or tabes dorsalis and progressive paralysis. From an embryonic perspective, the pupil is closed by the pupillary membrane until the sixth month of gestation. The pupillary membrane is a vascular capsule that covers the anterior part of the lens. After the sixth month of gestation, the pupillary membrane atrophies and disappears. However, if this pupillary membrane remains at birth, the pupil will be congenitally closed.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference] | Mydriasis
Eye structure
©Shogakukan ">

Eye structure


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

眼球内をのぞき込むと、中央部からやや鼻側に円形の黒色部分が見える。これが瞳孔である。一般には瞳(ひとみ)ともいう。瞳孔は周囲を取り巻く虹彩(こうさい)によってできる。虹彩は目を包む脈絡膜が伸びた部分で、個体によってその色がさまざまなことからこの名前がある。欧米人では虹彩がしばしば青色に見える。虹彩は輪状の収縮性円盤で、この中にある瞳孔括約筋と瞳孔散大筋の相対的な働きによって、瞳孔の大きさや形は自律的に変化する。その変化は直径2~6ミリメートルほどである。正常人では瞳孔の大きさは左右同大であるが、不同の場合もある。瞳孔の大きさが左右著しく不同の場合、瞳孔不同といい、これには先天的な場合と後天的な場合とがある。後天的には散瞳薬や縮瞳薬などを片方の目に使用した場合とか、緑内障、虹彩癒着、あるいは脊髄癆(せきずいろう)や進行麻痺(まひ)などのような全身的疾患の際にしばしばみられる。発生的にみると、胎生6か月までは瞳孔も瞳孔膜で閉ざされている。瞳孔膜は水晶体前部を覆う血管包である。6か月以降になると瞳孔膜は萎縮(いしゅく)消失する。しかし、この瞳孔膜が出生時にも残ると瞳孔の先天的閉鎖となる。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | 散瞳
目の構造
©Shogakukan">

目の構造


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Lake Togo

>>:  Doko - Doko

Recommend

Shinzo Ueki

…In the Muromachi period, Sarugaku Noh performanc...

Sumida River Memories - Memories of the Sumida River

A Kabuki play. Sewamono (domestic story). Four ac...

Lower [village] - Shimo

A village in Imizu County in the north-central par...

Elegy - Banka

A song mourning the dead. [Tadahisa Ishikawa] Chi...

Tenga

〘Noun〙 Heavenly River. Milky Way. Heavenly Han. ※T...

Arya Samāj (English spelling)

The Arya Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1875 by Da...

Liu Shaoqi

Chinese politician. Born in Hunan Province. After...

Galicia (English spelling)

A historical region spanning western Ukraine and ...

Pelamis platurus (English spelling)

...their form is adapted to marine life, with a s...

Liberation Law - Kaihoho

… In the 19th century, reforms progressed in many...

《Nest of the Aristocrats》

…He wrote many romantic works with a touch of mel...

Coke oven gas - Cokerogas

Abbreviated as COG. Gas obtained when coal is carb...

Perissocephalus tricolor (English name) Perissocephalustricolor

…For example, male bellbirds ( Procnias genus, En...

Varanus salvadorii (English spelling)

… [Takahiro Matsui]. … From Komodo Dragon …Monito...

Accel - Accelerate

…It is the polar opposite of the faithful reprodu...