Kanagawa Magistrate - Kanagawa Bugyo

This was a position in the Edo Shogunate. After the port was opened at the end of the Edo period, it was created to supervise foreign trade and negotiate with foreigners. It had a capacity of 2-3 people, a salary of 2,000 koku, and a salary of 1,000 koku, and was considered the top position of the Nagasaki Magistrate. In 1858 (Ansei 5), the Shogunate concluded the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Five Powers (USA, UK, Holland, Russia, and France) and opened the port of Kanagawa (later Yokohama). In the following year, 1859, the Foreign Magistrates Mizuno Tadanori, Hori Toshihiro, Muragaki Norimasa, Sakai Tadayuki, and Kato Noriaki were made to serve as Kanagawa Magistrates as well. They established a meeting place in Aoki-cho, a Magistrate's Office in Miyagasaki, Tobe Village, and an Unjosho (customs office) in the center of Yokohama Village. Of the five magistrates, one or two were sent on rotation to handle the affairs of the government, but in September 1860 (Man'en 1), they stopped serving as foreign magistrates and became full-time magistrates. Their subordinates included the Kanagawa magistrate's control group chief, Shirabeyaku (coordinating officers), Joyaku (identifying officers), Doshin (coordinating officers), and Dojoban (coordinating officers).

[Eiichi Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸幕府の役職。幕末開港後、外国貿易の監督や外国人との交渉の任にあたるため設けられた。定員2～3人、2000石高、役料1000石、長崎奉行の上座とされた。幕府は1858年（安政5）五か国修好通商条約（米・英・蘭(らん)・露・仏）の締結により神奈川（後の横浜）を開港することとなり、翌59年外国奉行の水野忠徳(ただのり)、堀利煕(としひろ)、村垣範正(のりまさ)、酒井忠行(ただゆき)、加藤則著(のりあき)に神奈川奉行を兼務させた。青木町に会所を置き、戸部(とべ)村宮ヶ崎に奉行役所を、横浜村の中央に運上所(うんじょうしょ)（税関）を開いた。奉行5人のうち1、2人が交替出張して事務をみたが、60年（万延1）9月以降外国奉行の兼任をやめ、奉行職は専任となった。属僚に神奈川奉行支配組頭、同調役(しらべやく)、同定役(じょうやく)、同同心(どうしん)、同上番などがあった。

［加藤榮一］

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