Kanagasira - Kanagasira (English spelling) Gurnard

Japanese: カナガシラ - かながしら(英語表記)gurnard
Kanagasira - Kanagasira (English spelling) Gurnard

A marine fish belonging to the order Cotten of the class Osteichthyes and the family Gurnidae. It is a bottom-dwelling fish found mainly in the coastal areas from southern Hokkaido to the East China Sea, and is caught in large quantities by bottom trawling. During the spawning season in May and June, it migrates to shallow waters to spawn, laying spherical pelagic eggs 1.2 to 1.3 mm in diameter. The Gurnidae family is characterized by a hard skeleton and numerous spines on its head, with the two fork-shaped spines on its snout being particularly notable. It is easily distinguished from the closely related species, the Gurnard, by its large, rough scales and the lack of markings on its back and pectoral fins. It can also be distinguished from other closely related species by the crimson markings on its dorsal fin (which turn black when fixed in formalin). The second ray of this fin is particularly long, which is why it is also known locally as hiredaka. It is a very tasty fish with white meat. In fish markets, the code for this species is the character "I", which is a pun on the first letter of the hiragana (iroha) for Kanagashira. Sixteen species from five genera are known to be native to Japan, and in addition to the gurnard and Kanagashira, the more commonly caught species include the Japanese guinea finch Lepidotrigla guentheri , the Japanese guinea finch L. abyssalis , and the giant guinea finch L. kishinouyei . All of these are small species less than 20 centimeters long, but the Japanese guinea finch is the largest, reaching 40 centimeters.

[Muneo Okiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱カジカ目ホウボウ科に属する海水魚。北海道南部から東シナ海にかけての沿岸部を中心に分布する底生魚で、底引網によって多獲される。5~6月の産卵期には浅所に産卵回遊を行い、直径1.2~1.3ミリメートルの球形浮性卵を産む。ホウボウ科の特徴として、頭部に堅い骨格と多数のとげを発達させるが、とくに吻端(ふんたん)の叉(さ)状の2棘(きょく)は顕著な形質である。近縁種ホウボウとは、鱗(うろこ)が大きくざらざらしていることや、背面や胸びれに斑紋(はんもん)がないことで容易に区別される。また、ほかの近縁種とは、背びれに深紅色の斑紋(ホルマリン固定すると黒色になる)をもつことで識別できる。なお、このひれの第2条がとくに長いことからヒレダカという地方名もある。非常に美味な魚で肉は白い。魚市場における本種の符帳として「い」の字が使われるが、これはカナガシラをさして平仮名(いろは)の頭文字をあてた洒落(しゃれ)である。本科には5属16種の日本産種が知られており、ホウボウ、カナガシラのほかに、カナドLepidotrigla guentheri、ソコカナガシラL. abyssalis、オニカナガシラL. kishinouyeiなどが比較的普通に漁獲される。いずれも20センチメートル未満の小形種であるなかで、カナガシラは40センチメートルに達する最大種である。

[沖山宗雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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