Utenkoku

...It has been known since ancient times as a source of high-quality nephrite, known by names such as "Kunlun Jade," and is also famous for its silk and carpet production. The population of the state of Yume is said to have already reached 19,300 during the Western Han period and 83,000 during the Eastern Han period. During the 5th to 8th centuries, when Faxian, Xuanzang, and others passed through the area, it flourished as a major center of Buddhist culture and influenced Chinese Buddhism, but politically it was often under the control of foreign tribes such as the Hephthalites, Turks, Tang, and Tubo. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ubinguo" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…古来，〈崑崙の玉（ぎよく）〉などの名で呼ばれた良質の軟玉(ネフライト)の産地として知られ，またその絹，じゅうたんの生産も名高い。　于闐国の人口は，すでに前漢の時代に1万9300，後漢の時代には8万3000を数えたと伝えられる。法顕，玄奘（げんじよう）らがこの地を通過した5～8世紀には仏教文化の一大中心地として栄え，中国仏教にも影響を及ぼしたが，政治的にはしばしばエフタル，突厥（とつくつ），唐，吐蕃などの異民族の支配下に置かれた。…

※「于闐国」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報