Traveling to outer space, the moon, or planets. Humans have long dreamed of visiting the moon or planets. Around 160, the Greek writer Lucian wrote about traveling to the moon in his short story Icaromenippus. In Japan, the 9th century The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter has a story about Princess Kaguya returning to the moon. In France, there are works such as J. Baudoin's From the World to the Moon in 1639, S. Cyrano de Bergerac's From the World to the Moon in 1657, J. Verne's From the Earth to the Moon in 1865, and H. G. Wells' The First Men on the Moon in 1901 in England. In science, pioneering works were made by K. E. Tsiolkovsky of Russia, R. H. Goddard of the United States, and H. Oberth of Germany. Then, on October 4, 1957, the Soviet artificial satellite Sputnik 1 was launched, marking the first step in space travel. In the United States, President Kennedy announced the goal of a moon mission in 1961, and in July 1969, the Apollo spacecraft was launched using the Saturn V rocket completed by W. Brown and others, finally achieving the first successful moon landing in history. Currently, manned flights to Mars are being planned with the cooperation of various countries around the world. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
宇宙空間や月や惑星へ旅行すること。人類は昔から月や惑星の世界へ行ってみたいという憧れをもっていた。古くは 160年頃,ギリシアの作家ルキアノスが,短編『イカロメニッポス』で月旅行の話を書いている。日本では9世紀頃『竹取物語』でかぐや姫が月世界に帰る話がある。フランスでは 1639年 J.ボードアンの『ドミニック・ゴンザレスの月世界旅行』,57年 S.シラノ・ド・ベルジュラックの『月世界旅行記』,1865年 J.ベルヌの『地球から月へ』,イギリスでは 1901年,H.G.ウェルズの『月における最初の人間』などの作品がある。科学的にはロシアの K.E.ツィオルコフスキー,アメリカの R.H.ゴダード,ドイツの H.オーベルトが先駆的な業績を上げた。そして 57年 10月4日に,ソ連の人工衛星『スプートニク』1号が打上げられ,宇宙旅行の第一歩を踏出した。アメリカでは,61年ケネディ大統領が月飛行を宣言,69年7月に W.ブラウンらの完成したサターンV型ロケットによってアポロ宇宙船を飛ばし,ついに史上初の月着陸に成功した。現在は世界各国の協力で火星への有人飛行が計画されている。
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