Kato

A Chinese poet of the mid-Tang Dynasty. His pen name was Langxian. He was from Fanyang (Hebei Province). He first became a monk and took the name Mubon, but later returned to secular life. He was transferred from the position of Chief Register in Changjiang (Sichuan Province) to the position of Sicang Military Officer in Puzhou (Sichuan Province), and died at the age of 65 in his official residence in the province in 843 (the third year of Kaichang). The monk came up with the poem "The monk pushes the gate under the moonlight," but was struggling to decide whether to use "push" or "knock," when he bumped into a procession led by Han Yu, who taught him that "knock" was better. This is the famous story of "rubbing." He was skilled in five-character regulated verse, and was known for desolate lines such as "A mysterious bird cries in the plains, frightening the traveler at sunset" ("Passing through a mountain village at dusk"). Many poets from the late Tang to the Five Dynasties periods studied Jia Dao's poetry. Su Shi of the Song dynasty commented that "Meng Jiao is cold and Jia Dao is thin." He wrote the "Jia Lang Xian Changjiang Collection" in 10 volumes.

[Shigeru Maruyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、中唐期の詩人。字(あざな)は浪仙。范陽(はんよう)（河北省）の人。初め僧となり無本と名のったが、のちに還俗(げんぞく)。長江（四川(しせん)省）主簿(しゅぼ)から普州（四川省）司倉参軍に転任し、843年（会昌3）に州の官舎で65歳の生涯を閉じた。「僧は推(お)す月下の門」の句が浮かんだものの、「推す」がいいか「敲(たた)く」がいいかと苦吟していて韓愈(かんゆ)の行列にぶつかり、「敲く」がよかろうと教えられたという「推敲(すいこう)」の故事は有名。五言律詩に長じ、「怪禽(かいきん)広野に啼(な)き、落日行人(こうじん)を恐れしむ」（「暮(くれ)に山村を過(よぎ)る」）といった荒涼とした詩句に特色がある。晩唐から五代にかけて多くの詩人が賈島の詩を学んだ。宋(そう)の蘇軾(そしょく)は、「郊寒島痩(そう)」（孟郊(もうこう)は寒々(さむざむ)とし、賈島は痩(や)せている）と評している。『賈浪仙長江集』10巻がある。

［丸山　茂］

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