Cellulose acetate, also known as cellulose acetate or simply acetate, is an acetate ester of cellulose. Cellulose has three hydroxyl groups -OH per C6 unit, but these hydroxyl groups are replaced by acetate groups -OCOCH3. When linters (short cotton fibers) or specially purified sulfite pulp is stirred with a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid, 3 -acetylcellulose (also called primary cellulose acetate or triacetate) is produced. The 3-acetylcellulose produced does not dissolve in acetone, but when it is hydrolyzed in the presence of a dilute acid and some of the acetyl groups CH3CO- bonded to the cellulose are removed (called secondary cellulose acetate), it dissolves in acetone. A 15-24% acetone solution of this 3-acetylcellulose (secondary cellulose acetate) is called a dope. When this dope is extruded into hot air through small holes in a nozzle, it becomes thread. This is called acetate fiber. For use as a plastic, about 30% of phosphate ester or dibutyl phthalate is added as a plasticizer. It is colored with dyes or pigments to the desired color, heated to 120°C, extruded through an extruder, and crushed into chips. This is a common molding method, and it is used for the same purposes as celluloid, but unlike celluloid, it is non-flammable. However, acetyl cellulose is not as compatible with other plastics as nitrocellulose, acetate butyrate, or propionate. Also, the film is extruded into a film form from the dope. It is used as a base for photographic film. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] [References] | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
酢酸繊維素、酢酸セルロースまた簡単にアセテートともいう。セルロースの酢酸エステル。セルロースはC6単位当り3個のヒドロキシ基-OHをもっているが、このヒドロキシ基を酢酸基-OCOCH3で置換したもの。リンター(綿花の短繊維)または特別に精製した亜硫酸法パルプを無水酢酸、酢酸、硫酸の混酸とともに攪拌(かくはん)すると、3-アセチルセルロース(第一次酢酸セルロース、トリアセテートともいう)を生成する。生成した3-アセチルセルロースはアセトンに溶けないが、これを薄い酸の存在で加水分解して、セルロースに結合しているアセチル基CH3CO-の一部を取り去る(第二次酢酸セルロースという)とアセトンに溶ける。この3-アセチルセルロース(第二次酢酸セルロース)の15~24%アセトン溶液をドープという。このドープを口金の小孔(こあな)から熱風中に押し出すと糸になる。これをアセテート繊維という。プラスチックとしての利用のためには、可塑剤としてリン酸エステルやフタル酸ジブチルを約30%加える。染料や顔料で好みの色に着色し、120℃に加熱して押出し機で押し出し、粉砕してチップにする。これは一般の成形法で、セルロイドと同じ用途に用いるが、セルロイドと違い不燃性である。しかし、アセチルセルロースはニトロセルロース、アセテートブチレートやプロピオネートなどに比べて他のプラスチック類との相溶性はよくない。また、フィルムはドープをフィルム状に押し出す。写真フィルムのベースに使われる。 [垣内 弘] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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