Backward reasoning - Ushiromukisuiron (English spelling) backward reasoning

Japanese: 後ろ向き推論 - うしろむきすいろん（英語表記）backward reasoning

One of the reasoning methods used in research in the field of artificial intelligence. It is a method of reasoning in which a conclusion is first assumed and then the conditions are verified to see if it is correct, in contrast to forward reasoning, which derives a conclusion inductively by verifying individual elements. Taking a medical expert system as an example, backward reasoning would first assume that the patient has a "cold." From there, it would be verified whether conditions such as "Do you have a fever?", "Do you have a headache?", and "Do you have a cough?" In forward reasoning, on the other hand, the names of diseases that fit the conditions of fever, headache, cough, etc. would be narrowed down.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

人工知能分野の研究で用いられる推論方法の一つ。先に結論を仮定し，それが正しいかどうかを条件を検証して進める推論の方法で，個々の要素を検証して帰納的に結論を導く前向き推論と対照的な方法。医療用のエキスパートシステムを例にとると，後ろ向き推論は，まず患者を「風邪」と仮定する。そこで「熱はあるか」「頭痛は」「咳は」などの条件にあてはまるかどうかを検証する。前向き推論では逆に熱，頭痛，咳などの条件にあてはまる病名を絞り込んでいくことになる。

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