A type of Greek meter, a two-syllable iambic meter (∪-). In early modern European poetry, it is called iambic meter. In iambic poems, tragedies, and comedic dialogues, this meter is doubled and repeated three times to form a line (∪-∪- | ∪-∪- | ∪-∪-). It has long been used as a satirical meter by the people in connection with the worship of the goddess Demeter, and was perfected in literature by Archilochus in the early 7th century BC. Semonides, Solon, and Anacreon followed suit, and Hipponax used the "lame iambic" meter, which is a long short meter only at the end. The iambic meter was adopted in the theater because it is closest to the meter of everyday language, and became the dominant form of dialogue. In Rome, it was used not only in theater, but also in various variations of the iambic meter, such as Catulus, Horace, and Martialis. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ギリシア詩歌の韻律の一種,2シラブルの短長格 (∪-) 。近世ヨーロッパの詩では弱強格。イアンボス詩や悲劇,喜劇の会話などではこれを2つ重ねたものを3度繰返して1行とする (∪-∪- | ∪-∪- | ∪-∪-) 。デメテル女神の信仰に結びついて古くから民間で風刺嘲罵の韻律として用いられ,前7世紀初頭アルキロコスが文学的に完成した。セモニデス,ソロン,アナクレオンらがこれに続き,ヒッポナクスは最後だけ長短となる「跛行イアンボス」を用いた。イアンボス詩格は日常語の韻律に最も近いことから演劇に採用され,その会話部の支配的詩形になった。ローマでは演劇のほかにも使われ,カツルス,ホラチウス,マルチアリスらがイアンボスまたはそのさまざまな変形をよく用いた。
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