A city in southeastern Wales, England; capital of Wales. Unitary authority. Caerdydd in Welsh. Belongs to the former county of Glamorgan. In 1974, it became the county capital of South Glamorgan and a district, and in 1996, it became a unitary authority. It is a port city located on the northern bank of the innermost part of the Bristol Channel, about 240 km west of London, at the mouth of the River Taff. The Normans built a fortress on the site of a fort built by the Romans around 1075, in 1090-1093, and used it as a base for their invasion of Wales. About 50 years later, they built a castle here. The town was formed around the castle, and in the Middle Ages, it prospered as a market town and a shipping port for agricultural products from the surrounding area, receiving many royal charters. However, it did not develop significantly until the 19th century, and the population, which was only 1,018 in 1801, rapidly increased over the next 100 years. This was the result of the development of a transport network linking the rich South Wales coalfields behind the city and the construction of a large new port to replace the small river port, and by the beginning of the 20th century it had developed into one of the world's largest coal exporting ports. As the coal industry declined, the volume of shipments dropped dramatically, and in 1963 coal shipments ceased completely, but it continued to thrive as a commercial city with a trade area covering the entire South Wales region. It is also an important industrial centre, with a wide range of industries including machinery, flour milling, food, beer brewing, tobacco, textiles and car parts. There are few historical buildings other than the castle and the cathedral, but there are notable modern buildings such as the Civic Centre, the National Museum of Wales and the National War Memorial of Wales, and many educational and cultural facilities, including the headquarters of the University of Wales. Area: 139 km2 . Population: 316,800 (2004 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス,ウェールズ南東部の都市,ウェールズの首都。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。ウェールズ語では Caerdydd。旧グラモーガン県に属する。1974年の自治体再編でサウスグラモーガン県の県都,および一地区となり,1996年に単一自治体となった。ロンドンの西約 240km,ブリストル海峡最奥部の北岸に位置する港湾都市で,タフ川の河口にある。75年頃ローマ人が築いた砦の跡に 1090~93年にノルマン人が要塞を築き,ウェールズ攻略の拠点とし,さらに約 50年後ここに城を建設した。町はこの城のまわりに形成され,中世には多くの勅許状を得て市場町として,また周辺一帯の農産物の積出港として繁栄。しかし大きく発展したのは 19世紀に入ってからで,1801年にわずか 1018人であった人口はその後 100年間に急増した。これは背後の豊かな南ウェールズ炭田に広がる鉱工業地帯との連絡交通網が整備され,また小河港に代わって大規模な新港が建設された結果で,20世紀初めには世界最大級の石炭積出港に発展。その後石炭産業の斜陽化に伴って積出量が激減,1963年に石炭の積み出しは完全に停止したが,その後も南ウェールズ全域を商圏とする商業都市として繁栄した。また工業中心地としても重要で,機械をはじめ,製粉,食品,ビール醸造,たばこ,繊維,自動車部品など多種にわたる工業がある。城や大聖堂のほかは歴史的な建築物はほとんどないが,シビック・センター,ウェールズ国立博物館,ウェールズ国立戦争記念館などの著名な近代建築があり,ウェールズ大学本部をはじめとする教育・文化施設も多い。面積 139km2。人口 31万6800(2004推計)。
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