Yoon Pon-seon

Korean politician and fourth president. Born in Asan, South Chungcheong Province. Joined the Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai as a member of the National Assembly in 1920. Graduated from the University of Edinburgh in England in 1930. After liberation in 1945, he became an advisor to the Agriculture and Commerce Bureau of the US Military Government, the first mayor of Seoul in 1948, Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1949, and president of the Korean Red Cross. After being elected as a member of the People's Assembly in 1954, he participated in the founding of the Democratic Party and became its supreme committee member in 1959. After the fall of the Syngman Rhee regime, he became president in August 1960. He remained in office despite a military coup in May 1961, and resigned the following year in 1962. He ran for president twice, in 1965 and 1967, against Park Chung-hee, but was defeated both times. He founded the Kuomintang in 1971, and was one of the founders of the National Conference for the Restoration of Democracy in 1974. He subsequently played an active role as a figurehead of the anti-Park democratic forces together with Kim Dae-jung. After the assassination of President Park in 1979, he became a political elder statesman who helped establish the Chun Doo-hwan administration. He was a typical conservative politician from a prominent yangban family, and was also known as a Presbyterian Christian.

[Momo Tamaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

韓国の政治家、第4代大統領。忠清南道牙山生まれ。1920年上海(シャンハイ)韓国臨時政府に議政院議員として参加。1930年イギリスのエジンバラ大学卒業。1945年解放後、米軍政庁農商局顧問、1948年初代ソウル市長、1949年商工部長官、大韓赤十字社総裁となる。1954年民議院議員に当選後、民主党創立に参画、1959年同党最高委員。李承晩(りしょうばん／イスンマン)政権倒壊後の1960年8月大統領に就任。翌1961年5月軍事クーデターが起こるもあえて留任、翌1962年辞任。1965年、1967年と2回大統領選に出馬して朴正煕(ぼくせいき／パクチョンヒ)と争ったが、いずれも敗北した。1971年国民党を結成、1974年民主回復国民会議発起人となって、以後、金大中(きんだいちゅう／キムデジュン)とともに反朴民主勢力の旗頭として活躍した。1979年朴大統領暗殺後は、政界長老として全斗煥(ぜんとかん／チョンドファン)政権成立を助ける立場に回った。両班(ヤンバン)名家出の保守政治家の典型であり、長老教会派のクリスチャンとしても知られる。

［玉城　素］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例