Pathologically, it is called catarrhal inflammation, which means serous inflammation of the mucous membrane without tissue damage. Among inflammations in living tissue, those with a marked exudation phenomenon are called exudative inflammations, and it is customary in medicine and pathology to classify them into serous inflammation, fibrosing inflammation, suppurative inflammation, etc., depending on the nature and type of exudate. Serous inflammation is inflammation characterized by the exudation of a yellowish transparent liquid, which has a composition similar to that of serum, is rich in protein, and has a high specific gravity. One example is nasal catarrh, in which liquid flows from the nasal cavity, and the origin of the word catarrhal is said to come from the Latin catarrhus, which means to flow down. Many inflammations labeled "catarrhal" are included in the group of digestive diseases. Examples include catarrhal stomatitis caused by infection of the oral mucosa or a decrease in the body's resistance, catarrhal gastritis, which is used almost synonymously with acute gastritis, inflammatory edema of the intestinal mucosa caused by infection with Salmonella or Staphylococcus aureus or poor dietary habits, and catarrhal enteritis, which causes a large amount of mucus to adhere to the intestinal mucosa. When this inflammation causes strong exudation of white blood cells, it is called purulent catarrh, and when there is significant exfoliation of the epithelium, it is called desquamative catarrh. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
病理学的にはカタル性炎といい、組織の損傷を伴わない粘膜の漿液(しょうえき)性炎を意味する。生体組織における炎症のうち、滲出(しんしゅつ)現象が著明なものを滲出性炎とよび、滲出物の性状や種類によって漿液性炎、線維素性炎、化膿(かのう)性炎などに分類するのが医学、病理学での習慣である。漿液性炎とは黄色調の透明な液体の滲出を主とする炎症で、その液体は血清とほぼ同様な組成で、タンパク質に富み、比重も高い。鼻腔(びくう)から液体が流れ出る鼻カタルが一例であり、カタルの語源は、ラテン語の流れ下るという意味のカタルスcatarrhusに由来するといわれる。「カタル性」のつけられた炎症には、消化器病のグループに含まれるものが多い。すなわち、口腔粘膜の感染や全身の抵抗力減退などが誘因となっておこるカタル性口内炎、急性胃炎とほぼ同義語として用いられるカタル性胃炎、サルモネラ菌・ブドウ球菌などの感染や飲食の不摂生などによる腸粘膜の炎症性浮腫(ふしゅ)、あるいは粘液の多量の付着をおこすカタル性腸炎などがその例である。この炎症で、白血球の滲出が強い場合は化膿性カタルとよび、上皮の剥脱(はくだつ)が著しい場合は剥離性カタルという。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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