This phenomenon is seen in populations of organisms, and refers to the fluctuation in gene frequency during the process of randomly selecting genes to be passed on to the next generation during each reproduction. Over many generations, this effect accumulates and gradually deviates from the original gene frequency, and in severe cases, one of the alleles is lost or fixed in the population. This effect, along with selection and mutation, is one of the factors that change the gene frequency of a population, but unlike natural selection and artificial selection, the change has no direction. The smaller the population, the greater the fluctuation in genetic drift. It is also called the Wright effect, as it was first pointed out by the American population geneticist Sewall Wright (1889-1988). [Shinya Iyama] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生物の個体群にみられる現象で、毎代の繁殖の際に次の代に伝えられる遺伝子が無作為的に取り出される過程で、遺伝子頻度が変動することをいう。世代を多く重ねている間に、この効果が累積してしだいに元の遺伝子頻度から偏り、著しい場合には対立遺伝子の一方が失われたり、または集団中に固定したりする。この効果は選択や突然変異とともに、集団の遺伝子頻度を変化させる要因の一つとなっているが、自然選択や人為選抜と異なり、変化に方向性がない。遺伝的浮動の大きさは、集団が小さいほどその変動が大きい。アメリカの集団遺伝学者ライトSewall Wright(1889―1988)が初めて指摘したので、ライト効果ともいわれる。 [井山審也] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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