Acceleration - kasokudo

Japanese: 加速度 - かそくど
Acceleration - kasokudo

It is the rate of change of velocity over time. Since velocity is a vector quantity, acceleration is also a vector quantity. When the position vector r is given as a function of time t , the velocity v can be obtained by differentiating the position vector with respect to time, and the acceleration a can be obtained by differentiating the velocity. In other words, v = dr / dt , a = dv / dt
Conversely, velocity is calculated by integrating acceleration, and position vector is calculated by integrating velocity.

Here, v 0 , r 0 , v ( t '), and a ( t ') are the position vector and velocity at time zero, and the velocity and acceleration at time t ', respectively.

Newton's second law of motion states that acceleration is caused by an external force applied to an object. Gravity has approximately the same magnitude at each point on the earth's surface, regardless of height, so an object subjected to the force of gravity experiences a constant acceleration and moves with a uniform acceleration. The unit of acceleration in CGS units (cm/sec 2 ) is sometimes called Gal. The unit name is named after Galileo.

[Hajime Tanaka]

[References] | Laws of motion | Galilei
acceleration
©Shogakukan ">

acceleration


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

速度の時間的変化の割合をいう。速度はベクトル量であるので、加速度もベクトル量である。位置ベクトルrが時間tの関数として与えられているときには、速度vは位置ベクトルを時間で微分して、また加速度aは速度を微分して求められる。すなわち
  vdr/dt, adv/dt
逆に、速度は加速度を、位置ベクトルは速度を積分して求められる。すなわち

ここでv0r0v(t')、a(t')は、それぞれ時刻がゼロのときの位置ベクトルと速度、時刻t'のときの速度と加速度を示す。

 加速度が物体に加えた外力によって生じることを述べたのが、ニュートンの運動の第二法則である。重力は地表の各点で高さによらないほぼ同じ大きさをもっているので、重力の作用を受けた物体は一定の加速度を受け等加速度運動を行う。CGS単位の加速度の単位(cm/sec2)をガル(Gal)とよぶことがある。ガリレイにちなんだ単位名である。

[田中 一]

[参照項目] | 運動の法則 | ガリレイ
加速度
©Shogakukan">

加速度


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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