Chandelier - Chandelier (English spelling)

Japanese: シャンデリア - しゃんでりあ(英語表記)chandelier
Chandelier - Chandelier (English spelling)

A type of indoor lighting fixture, it refers to a multi-light hanging lamp. The word originates from the Latin word candelabrum, which means an ancient hanging lamp. Today, it is generally used for highly decorative, branched, multi-light ceiling lights.

[Nao Tomobe]

history

The prototype of the chandelier is thought to have been a type in which several oil lamps were fixed to a wooden frame and hung from it, but no examples of such a type remain to this day. During the Hellenistic period, lighting fixtures began to be valued as interior decoration, and decorative hanging lamps developed. Among the lighting fixtures excavated in Pompeii, there are various types made of bronze that were hung from a stand, which shows one stage in the development of the later chandelier. From the Roman period to the Middle Ages, hanging lamps made of earthenware and glass were also widely used. In addition to oil lamps, candles also became popular in the Middle Ages, which had a significant impact on the type of chandelier. Especially from the 16th century onwards, secular monarchs and wealthy citizens decorated the halls of their palaces and mansions with luxurious chandeliers. This trend reached its peak in the 18th century French Rococo style, which produced extremely excellent artistic works.

The most highly acclaimed items at the time were glass chandeliers made in Venice, and royal courts around the world competed to use them. They utilized transparent glass drops to create a magnificent space through the reflection and refraction of light. Furthermore, high-quality porcelain production centers such as Meissen in Germany and Capo de Monte in Italy expanded into the production of porcelain chandeliers and gained fame. Although electric lighting was introduced after the 19th century, the basic form of the chandelier has not changed much, and it continues to play a major role in lighting large spaces that are primarily used for entertainment or leisure, such as theaters, hotels, and banquet halls.

[Nao Tomobe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

室内照明器具の一形式で、多灯式の吊下(つりさ)げ灯をさす。語源は、古代の吊り灯を意味するラテン語candelabrumである。今日では一般に、装飾性の強い、分岐式の多灯天井灯に用いられる。

[友部 直]

歴史

シャンデリアの祖形としては、複数のオイル・ランプを木枠などに固定して吊り下げた形式が想定されるが、遺例は現存しない。ヘレニズム時代に、照明器具が室内装飾としても重視されるようになり、装飾的な吊り灯形式の照明が発達した。ポンペイ出土の照明器具のなかには、架台に吊って用いられたブロンズ製のさまざまな形式のものがあり、後世のシャンデリアへの発展の一段階を示す。ローマ時代から中世にかけては、土製、ガラス製のランプを吊り下げることも広く行われた。中世には、オイル・ランプに加えてろうそくも普及し、シャンデリアの形式にも重要な影響を与えた。とくに16世紀以降、世俗的な君主や富裕な市民たちは、宮殿や邸宅の広間を豪華なシャンデリアで飾った。この傾向は、18世紀フランスのロココ様式においてその頂点に達し、芸術的にもきわめて優れたものが生まれた。

 当時もっとも高く評価されたものはベネチア産のガラス製シャンデリアであり、各国の宮廷は競ってこれを用いた。透明ガラスのドロップ(垂れ飾り)を活用し、光の反射と屈折による壮麗な空間を演出している。また、ドイツのマイセンやイタリアのカポ・デ・モンテなど高級磁器の製作地は、磁器製シャンデリアの生産にも進出し、名声を得た。19世紀以降、電灯が導入されたが、シャンデリアの基本形式はさして変わらず、とくに劇場、ホテル、宴会場など、娯楽性や趣味性の強い大空間の照明に大きな役割を果たしている。

[友部 直]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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