Virtual memory

Japanese: 仮想記憶 - かそうきおく(英語表記)virtual memory
Virtual memory

In a computer system, a storage system or mechanism that allows a program to handle more capacity than the capacity of the main memory. Also called virtual memory.

There is a physical limit to the memory capacity of a computer's memory device. Therefore, only the parts of a program and data required for execution are kept resident in the main memory device, which directly exchanges information with the arithmetic unit, while the other parts of a program and data that are secondary or not needed for the time being are stored in a large-capacity external memory device, and are loaded into the main memory when they are needed. By taking this idea further, it is possible to create a computer system with a multi-level hierarchical structure of memory devices, by storing information that directly affects the speed of calculations in a particularly fast memory device called cache memory, or by using magnetic cards with even larger capacities as external memory devices in addition to magnetic disks.

The idea of ​​virtual memory was first realized in 1970, when data transfer between memory hierarchies was controlled by hardware. This made it possible for the range of memory locations (addresses) handled by instructions, that is, the address space, to exceed the capacity of the actual main memory.

[Katsuaki Ono]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

コンピュータシステムにおいて、主記憶装置の容量よりも多くの容量をプログラムで取り扱うことが可能な記憶システム、またはその機構。仮想メモリ、バーチャルメモリともいう。

 コンピュータの記憶装置の記憶容量には物理的な限界がある。そこで、演算装置と直接に情報のやりとりをする主記憶装置には、実行に必要とするプログラムの部分やデータのみを常駐させ、副次的、とりあえず必要としないプログラムの他の部分やデータは大容量の外部記憶に置いて、必要な時点で主記憶に取り込もうとするものである。この考えを推し進めると、演算速度に直接影響を及ぼす情報を、キャッシュメモリーcache memoryとよばれる特別に速度の速い記憶装置に置いたり、外部記憶装置として磁気ディスクのほかに、さらに容量の大きい磁気カードを配したりして、記憶装置を何段階もの階層構造にしたコンピュータシステムをつくることができる。

 仮想記憶の考え方が具体化したのは、1970年になって、記憶階層の間のデータの受け渡しをハードウェアの制御で行うようになってからである。このため、命令で取り扱われる記憶位置(アドレス)の範囲、すなわちアドレス空間を実際の主記憶装置の容量を超えた範囲にとることが可能になった。

[小野勝章]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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