If a fire causes damage to others, liability for tort due to negligence should arise (Civil Code 709). However, since most houses in Japan are made of wood, the damage caused by a fire can be more extensive than expected, and it is often unreasonable to hold the person who started the fire responsible. In light of this, the Law on Liability for Fires (Law No. 40 of 1890) provides an exception to the above principle, stating that tort liability is only applicable in cases of intent or gross negligence. However, as generally understood, this exception does not apply to liability for breach of contract (for example, liability to the lessor in the case of a tenant's negligence in setting a fire). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
失火によって他人に損害を与えた場合には,過失による不法行為責任が生じるはずである (民法 709) 。しかし,日本の家屋の多くは木造であるため失火の被害が意外に拡大し,その結果失火者にその責任を負担させることは酷なことが少くないことを考慮し,失火の責任に関する法律 (明治 23年法律 40号) は,以上の原則について例外を設け,故意または重大な過失がある場合に限り不法行為責任を負うものとした。ただし,一般の解するところによれば,債務不履行責任については (たとえば,借家人が失火した場合における賃貸人に対する責任については) ,この例外則の適用はない。
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