Wooden wall

Japanese: 板壁 - いたかべ
Wooden wall

A wooden wall. Wooden walls were common in high-class houses up until the Kofun period, such as the wooden storehouse (Ita-azekura) restored at the Toro ruins and the main hall of Ise Shrine, and traces of this can still be seen in medieval picture scrolls, but they were gradually replaced by plastered walls made by plasterers. This is thought to be because wooden walls were less able to prevent fire and drafts, but plastered walls are easily damaged in windy areas such as coastal regions, so wooden walls are still widely used today. In recent years, the advantages of wooden walls as a dry material have been recognized, and they are being revived by applying fire-retardant treatment to boards (including plywood) and using paint and wall coverings in combination.

Wooden walls can be constructed by stacking boards horizontally or vertically, and are called yokobame and tatebame, respectively. Square boards such as plywood are joined using checkerboard or staggered joints. The joints between boards are processed with tongue and groove joints, arrowhead joints, joints with ...

[Yamada Koichi]

[Reference] | Walls | Clapboard
Structure of wooden walls
©Shogakukan ">

Structure of wooden walls


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

板張りの壁のこと。登呂(とろ)遺跡で復原された板校倉(いたあぜくら)や伊勢(いせ)神宮正殿のように古墳時代ごろまでの高級家屋では板壁が一般的で、中世の絵巻物にもなおその名残(なごり)がみられるが、しだいに左官工事による塗り壁にとってかわられた。板壁では火やすきま風を防ぎにくかったためと思われるが、海岸地方など風の強い所では塗り壁は傷みやすいので、現在でも板壁が多用されている。近年では乾式材としての利点が認められ、板(合板を含む)に難燃加工し、かつ塗装や壁装を併用して復活している。

 板壁には、板を横長に使って張り重ねる場合と、縦長に並べる場合とがあり、それぞれ横羽目(よこばめ)、縦羽目とよばれる。合板など方形のものは碁盤または食い違い目地をつくって張り継いでいく。板と板との合せ目には、実矧(さねはぎ)、矢筈矧(やはずはぎ)、合决(あいじゃくり)、殺継(そぎつぎ)などの加工を施し、すきのあかないようにするが、縦羽目では合せ目にさらに細い板を重ねることがあり、これを目板張りという。合板などを化粧張りにするときには、目地を一定幅に開いて張ることもある(笑い目地または透し目地という)。以上は板の表面を平らにそろえて張る場合であるが、横羽目の一種に上方の板の下端を下方の板の上端に羽重ねにして張る方法があり、下見板張りとよばれ外壁に使用される。

[山田幸一]

[参照項目] | | 下見板張り
板壁の構造
©Shogakukan">

板壁の構造


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