Flowering hormone

Japanese: 花成ホルモン - かせいほるもん(英語表記)flowering hormone
Flowering hormone
Plants form buds (flower buds) and produce flowers (flowering). Flowering refers to the beginning of the formation of flower buds, and flowering hormones are what encourage plants to flower. Plant researchers have been trying to identify flowering hormones for many years, but it has only been in the past few years that their true nature has become clear. It is now almost certain that flowering hormones are proteins produced from specific genes related to flowering. These flowering hormones are produced in the leaves and transported to the shoot apex where flower buds form, where they are involved in flower bud formation. It is expected that if the mechanism of action of flowering hormones is further elucidated and research into their applications progresses, it will be possible to artificially control the flowering of crops, trees, and other plants. In particular, it takes several years to several decades for trees to flower from seedlings, making it difficult to improve varieties by crossbreeding, but it is predicted that the breeding period can be significantly shortened if flowering hormones can be used to induce flowering at the young stage.

(Kawaguchi Hiroaki, science journalist / Kikuchi Masako, science journalist / 2008)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
植物はつぼみ(花芽)を作り、花を咲かせる(開花)。花成とは、花芽が形成され始めることをいい、植物に花成を促すのが花成ホルモンである。植物の研究者たちは、長年にわたって花成ホルモンを突き止めようとしてきたが、その実態が明らかになってきたのは、ここ数年のことである。現在、花成ホルモンは、花成に関係する特定の遺伝子から作られるたんぱく質であることがほぼ確実となっている。この花成ホルモンは葉で作りだされ、花芽が形成される茎頂まで運ばれ、そこで花芽形成に関与する。花成ホルモンの作用機構のさらなる解明とその応用の研究が進めば、作物や樹木などの開花を人為的に調節できるようになると期待されている。特に樹木は苗から開花するまでに数年から数十年を要し、交配による品種改良は容易でなかったが、花成ホルモンにより幼樹段階で開花させれば、育種期間は大幅に短くなると予測されている。

(川口啓明 科学ジャーナリスト / 菊地昌子 科学ジャーナリスト / 2008年)

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