Medical system - Isei

Japanese: 医制 - いせい

The Meiji government issued this law on August 18, 1874, with reference to the medical systems of Europe and America, in order to indicate the policy of medical and health administration. It outlined the basic policy of Japan's modern health and welfare administration system. It consists of 76 articles, and its main aims were to improve the health administration system, establish medical education based on Western medicine, establish a medical license examination system, and at the same time implement a license system to improve the quality of medical personnel, establish a modern pharmacy system, and implement a system of separation of medical and pharmaceutical duties, thereby building a solid foundation for health administration. However, due to various circumstances, it was impossible to implement the law immediately and fully, so it was first implemented in the three prefectures of Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto, where it was possible to implement it. As a result, only a small part of the 76 articles was actually implemented, and as can be seen in the medical license examination system, each area gradually created its own rules during the implementation process, and the medical system itself naturally disappeared. Therefore, the medical system can be said to have the character of an instruction that indicates the policy of health administration, rather than a law.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

明治政府が医事衛生行政の方針を示すために，欧米の医事制度を参考にして 1874年8月 18日に発布したもの。日本の近代衛生・厚生行政制度の基本的方針を示した。 76条から成り，その主眼とするところは，衛生行政機構を整備して西洋医学に基づく医学教育を確立し，さらに医術開業試験制度を樹立し，同時に医療関係者の質的向上をはかるため免許制度を施行し，近代的薬舗の制度を設け，医薬分業制度を実施し，衛生行政に確固たる基礎を築くことにあった。しかし，諸般の事情から即時全面実施は不可能であったので，まず東京，大阪，京都3府の実施可能な地域から施行された。そのため実際に施行されたのは 76条のうちのごく一部であり，しかも，医術開業試験制度にみられるように，実施の過程で次第にそれぞれ独自の規則がつくられて，医制そのものは自然消滅の形をとった。したがって，医制は法令というよりは，むしろ衛生行政の方針を示した訓令の性格をもつものといえる。

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