Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 . Usually, a 15% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or a 30% aqueous solution of caustic potassium (KOH) is used. In this case, the reaction at both electrodes is: (anode) 2OH - -→ H2O +1/ 2O2 +2e - (cathode) 2H2O +2e - - → H2 +2OH - The total reaction is H2O- → H2 +1/ 2O2 , and the theoretical decomposition voltage at room temperature is 1.23V. The most typical industrial water electrolysis cell is shown in Figure 1, where the electrolysis cell is divided into two chambers by an asbestos diaphragm, and iron electrodes are placed in both chambers, one of which is the anode and the other the cathode, for electrolysis. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
水素H2と酸素O2を製造する目的で水を電気分解すること。通常は水酸化ナトリウムNaOHの15%水溶液あるいは苛性カリKOHの30%水溶液が用いられる。この場合の両極での反応は, (陽極) 2OH-―→H2O+1/2O2+2e- (陰極) 2H2O+2e-―→H2+2OH-全反応はH2O―→H2+1/2O2で,室温における理論分解電圧は1.23Vである。工業的な水電解槽の最も典型的なものは図1のとおりで,アスベスト隔膜で電解槽を2室に仕切り,両室に鉄の電極を入れ,一方を陽極,他方を陰極にして電気分解を行う。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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