The 48 harbours of Lake Kasumigaura

Japanese: 霞ヶ浦四十八津 - かすみがうらしじゅうはっつ

Self-governing organization of fishermen in Lake Kasumigaura. From the end of the Heian period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, fishermen based in various ports such as Lake Kasumigaura paid tribute to Katori Shrine, the Ichinomiya of Shimousa Province, and were guaranteed fishing and transportation privileges in these waters. However, from the Sengoku period to the early Edo period, self-governing organizations were formed based on the premise of the inhabitants joining the port, and in 1625 they resisted the establishment of the Tamari Otome River by the Mito Domain. In 1650, restrictions on fishing seasons and fishing gear, regular meeting dates, and other customary practices were made into a written code of rules, and the seal of the various ports was added. However, as more and more villages occupied the frontiers of the land and used them as fishing grounds, this principle of joining the port declined, and in the late Edo period it was transformed into a fishing control organization. In addition, the Kitaura Kasumigaura 44 Ports were formed in Kitaura as well.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

霞ヶ浦の漁民の自治組織。平安末期から南北朝期にわたって，霞ヶ浦などの諸津を拠点とする海夫(かいふ)らは，下総(しもうさ)国一宮の香取(かとり)神宮に供祭(ぐさい)料を貢進し，これらの水域での漁労や交通上での特権を保証されていたが，戦国期から江戸時代初期には浦の入会を前提とする自治組織が形成され，1625年には水戸藩が設定した玉里(たまり)御留(おとめ)川に対して抵抗を示している。また1650年には漁期や漁具の制限や，定例の会合日などの慣例を掟書(おきてがき)とし，諸津の連判(れんぱん)を加えた。しかし地先を占有して漁場とする諸村が多くなり，こうした入会の原則は衰退していき，江戸時代後期には漁業統制組織に変わっていった。なお北浦にも北浦霞ヶ浦四十四津が形成されていた。

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