American military officer. Born in Fort Monroe, Virginia. Graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1917, and became technical advisor to the Governor-General of the Philippines in 1932. Graduated from the Army War College in 1937. During World War II, he commanded the 82nd Airborne Division, leading the Sicily Invasion in 1943 and the Normandy Landings in 1944, and also fought in Belgium as commander of the 18th Airborne Division during the Battle of Northwest Europe in 1944-1945. After the war, he served as chairman of the Continental Defense Council and commander of the Caribbean Area, and in 1949 became vice chief of staff of the Army. When the Korean War broke out in June 1950, he fought against the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and North Korean forces as commander of the 8th Army. At this time, he opposed MacArthur's idea of attacking the Chinese mainland, and in 1951 he succeeded MacArthur as Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers for the Occupation of Japan and Supreme Commander of the United Nations Forces in Korea. From 1952 to 1953, he succeeded Eisenhower as Supreme Commander of NATO, and from 1953 to 1955, he served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army, retiring in 1955. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
米国の軍人。バージニア州フォート・モンロー生れ。1917年ウェスト・ポイント陸軍士官学校を卒業,1932年フィリピン総督の技術顧問となる。1937年陸軍大学卒業。第2次大戦中は第82空挺師団長として,1943年のシチリア島攻略作戦や1944年のノルマンディー上陸作戦を指揮,また1944年−1945年の北西ヨーロッパ会戦では第18空挺師団長としてベルギーに転戦した。大戦終了後はアメリカ大陸防衛会議議長やカリブ海方面司令官などを務め,1949年陸軍参謀次長になる。1950年6月朝鮮戦争が勃発すると,第8軍司令官として中国人民義勇軍,北朝鮮軍と戦った。このときマッカーサーの中国本土攻撃論に反対し,1951年マッカーサーの後任として対日占領連合国軍最高司令官,韓国派遣国連軍最高司令官に就任。1952年−1953年にはアイゼンハワーの後任として北大西洋条約機構(NATO)軍最高司令官となり,1953年−1955年米国陸軍参謀総長を務め,1955年退役した。
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