Tatsuzo Ishikawa

Novelist. Born on July 2, 1905 in Yokote-cho, Hiraka-gun, Akita Prefecture (now Yokote City). The third son of his father Yusuke and mother Un. His father was a junior high school teacher, and his mother died in 1914 (Taisho 3). He went to Okayama Prefectural Takahashi Junior High School and Kansai Junior High School in Okayama City, and then went to Waseda Second Senior High School, but due to lack of tuition fees he dropped out after one year of English Literature (1928). He joined the electrical industry magazine Kokumin Jiron and wrote novels while supporting himself. In 1930 (Showa 5), ​​he joined an immigrant group and went to Brazil, but returned to Japan six months later to get married. Based on his experiences, he wrote Soubou (1935), which won the first Akutagawa Prize (1935). The following year, he married Kajiwara Yoshiko. In 1938, he published "Living Soldier" but it was banned. The year before, "Village in the Shadows" dealt with the peasant life of Ogouchi village, which was to be submerged by a dam. Other early representative works include "Shinzaru" (1935-36) and "Operation Wuhan" (1939), but the number of works he produced decreased significantly after 1941, and his most active writing career unfolded after the Second World War. There are two types of works: one is based on a sense of social justice and makes full use of reportage-style techniques, such as "Reeds Swaying in the Wind" (1949-51), "The Wall of Man" (1957-59), "Mountains and Rivers Covered in Scars" (1962-63), and "Annular Eclipse" (1966). His other works include "The Ecology of Marriage" (1938), "Not Without Hope" (1947), "Covered in Mud" (1948), and "Our Failure" (1961), which could be called "ecological works." He was also a central figure in the Writers' Association, the Copyright Protection League, and the PEN Club. He passed away on January 31, 1985.

[Masafumi Kubota]

"The Collected Works of Ishikawa Tatsuzo, 25 volumes (1972-74, Shinchosha)" ▽ "Biography of Ishikawa Tatsuzo, by Hamano Kenzaburo (1976, Bungeishunju)" ▽ "New Theory of Ishikawa Tatsuzo, by Kubota Masafumi (1979, Nagata Shobo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

小説家。明治38年7月2日、秋田県平鹿(ひらか)郡横手町（現横手市）に生まれる。父祐助(ゆうすけ)・母うんの三男。父は中学校教師、母は1914年（大正3）に死去。岡山県立高梁(たかはし)中学、岡山市の関西中学を経て、早稲田(わせだ)第二高等学院に進んだが、学費続かず英文科1年で退学（1928）。電気業界誌『国民時論』に入り自活しつつ小説を書いた。30年（昭和5）に移民団に投じブラジルへ渡り、半年後結婚を理由に帰国。その経験をもとにして『蒼氓(そうぼう)』（1935）を執筆し、それが第1回芥川(あくたがわ)賞（1935）を受けた。翌年梶原(かじわら)代志子と結婚。38年に『生きてゐる兵隊』を発表して発売禁止。その前年発表の『日蔭(ひかげ)の村』は、ダムで水没する小河内(おごうち)村の農民生活を扱った。その他初期代表作として『心猿』（1935～36）、『武漢作戦』（1939）などもあるが、41年以後はきわめて作品数が減少し、旺盛(おうせい)な作家活動は第二次世界大戦後に際だって展開される。作品のタイプに2種あり、一つは社会正義感を根底としてルポルタージュ風な技法を駆使した『風にそよぐ葦(あし)』（1949～51）、『人間の壁』（1957～59）、『傷だらけの山河』（1962～63）、『金環蝕(きんかんしょく)』（1966）など。他は「生態もの」とでも称すべき『結婚の生態』（1938）、『望みなきに非(あら)ず』（1947）、『泥にまみれて』（1948）、『僕たちの失敗』（1961）など。文芸家協会、著作権保護同盟、ペンクラブなどの中心人物としても活躍。昭和60年1月31日没。

［久保田正文］

『『石川達三作品集』全25巻（1972～74・新潮社）』▽『浜野健三郎著『評伝・石川達三の世界』（1976・文芸春秋）』▽『久保田正文著『新・石川達三論』（1979・永田書房）』

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