Ionization - Ion Car

Japanese: イオン化 - イオンカ
Ionization - Ion Car

Also called ionization. Neutral atoms, molecules, free radicals, etc., lose or gain one or more electrons to become ions. Positive ions are generated in isolated systems by absorbing the energy of electromagnetic radiation with energy equal to or greater than the ionization voltage (including discharges), by heating to high temperatures (such as in a flame), by hitting the surface of a hot object, or by the action of a strong electric field. Negative ions are generated when a neutral particle with positive electron affinity captures a slow electron, or when a molecule that has captured an electron dissociates and an atom or free radical with positive electron affinity becomes a negative ion, or when an excited atom or molecule captures an electron through an electron transfer reaction. Both positive and negative ions in the ground state are stable as long as they do not interact with other particles or objects. For example, the ionosphere is formed by ions that remain stable for a long time. However, ions have a large radius of action due to their charge, making them highly reactive, and ion-molecule reactions generally have faster reaction rates than other chemical reactions. Ions are thought to play an important role in fields such as radiation chemistry, radiation physics, high-altitude chemistry, plasma chemistry, and biochemistry, and research into their fundamental processes is important. [See other term] Ion source

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

電離ともいう.中性原子,分子,遊離基などが1個以上の電子を失うか,得るかしてイオンとなること.孤立系でのイオン化は,イオン化電圧以上のエネルギーをもつ電磁放射線のエネルギーを吸収する(放電を含めて)か,高温(炎のなかなど)にするか,高温物体の表面にあてるか,強い電場の作用などにより正イオンが生成する.一方,電子親和力が正である中性粒子が遅い電子を捕獲するか,電子を捕獲した分子が解離して電子親和力が正である原子,遊離基などが負イオンとなるか,励起原子,分子などから電子移動反応により電子を捕獲するかして負イオンが生成する.正・負イオンとも基底状態にあるイオンは,ほかの粒子や物体との相互作用がないかぎり安定であり,たとえば電離層は長時間安定に存在するイオンにより形成されている.ただし,イオンはその電荷のために作用半径が大きいので反応性が高く,イオン-分子反応はほかの化学反応より一般に反応速度が大きい.イオンは放射線化学,放射線物理,高空圏の化学,プラズマ化学などのほか,生物化学などにも重要な役割を担うと考えられ,その素過程の研究は重要である.[別用語参照]イオン源

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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