Kushiro coalfields

Japanese: 釧路炭田 - くしろたんでん
Kushiro coalfields

The coalfields are located in the eastern part of Hokkaido, and are centered around Kushiro City, and extend from Urahoro Town in the Tokachi Regional Subprefectural Bureau to Akkeshi Town in the Kushiro Regional Subprefectural Bureau. The peak was 2.6 million tons in 1977, and between 1997 and 1999, the annual output was 2.13 million tons. General coal (subbituminous coal) was produced from the Paleogene deposits of the Cenozoic Era (about 45 million years ago). The low sulfur content of 0.2-0.3% makes it suitable for generating electricity, and 99% of the coal produced was used in thermal power plants. Coal mining began with the opening of Hakodate Port at the end of the Edo period, with the aim of supplying fuel to foreign steamships, and by 1957, 30 coal mines, large and small, were in operation. Since the 1960s, the energy revolution, resource depletion, and the national coal policy have led to the closure of many mines. In 1970, the large Yubetsu Tanko Coal Mine in Akan Town (now Kushiro City) closed, leaving only the Pacific Coal Mine in the eastern part of Kushiro City mining coal. However, the price difference between domestic and imported coal was large, and although the company attempted to streamline and diversify its operations, it was still in a tough business environment. In January 2001, a spontaneous combustion accident occurred in the mine, and the coal production volume for fiscal year 2000 fell to 1.54 million tons. It became difficult to continue the business, and the mine closed in January 2002. The mine stretches about 10 kilometers from east to west and about 8 kilometers from north to south, and all mining was carried out under the Pacific Ocean.

[Takashi Sakai]

"Kushiro Coalfields" (1974, Kushiro City, Kushiro Collection)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北海道東部の釧路市を中心に、十勝(とかち)総合振興局管内の浦幌町(うらほろちょう)から釧路総合振興局管内の厚岸町(あっけしちょう)にまたがる炭田。1977年度(昭和52)の260万トンをピークに、1997年度~1999年度(平成9~11)は年213万トンを出炭した。新生代古第三紀層(約4500万年前)から一般炭(亜瀝青(あれきせい)炭)が産出された。硫黄(いおう)分が0.2~0.3%と低いことから電力用に向いており、出炭量の99%が火力発電所で利用された。採炭は江戸時代末期の箱館(はこだて)開港に伴い、外国汽船への燃料供給を目的に開始され、1957年には大小あわせて30の炭鉱が稼行していた。1960年代以降、エネルギー革命や資源枯渇、そして国の石炭政策により閉山が相次ぎ、1970年には阿寒(あかん)町(現釧路市)にあった大手の雄別炭礦(ゆうべつたんこう)が閉山、釧路市の東部に位置する太平洋炭礦のみが採炭を行っていたが、国内炭と輸入炭との価格差が大きく、経営の合理化や多角化を図ったものの、厳しい経営環境下にあった。2001年(平成13)1月、坑内で自然発火事故が起きた影響等で2000年度の出炭量は154万トンと減少、事業継続が困難となり、2002年1月に閉山した。坑内は東西約10キロメートル、南北約8キロメートルにわたって広がり、採掘はすべて太平洋の海底下で行われていた。

[酒井多加志]

『『釧路炭田』(1974・釧路市・釧路叢書)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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