One of the major leagues at the top of American professional baseball leagues. In order to compete with the National League (NL), which was founded in 1876, the American League (AL) was formed in 1900 by former newspaper reporter Ban Johnson, with the cooperation of Charles Comiskey, who was the manager of the Cincinnati Red Stockings at the time. League games began the following year in 1901, and initially consisted of eight teams based in major cities: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, and Washington. In the 1950s, as the league's popularity grew due to the relocation of teams' home stadiums, the league expanded its number of teams for the first time in major league history in 1961, adding the Washington Senators (now the Texas Rangers) and the Los Angeles Angels (now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) to make it 10 teams. In 1969, the league added two more teams, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots (now the Milwaukee Brewers), making it 12 teams, and at the same time adopted a division system with six teams in the East and six in the West. In 1977, the Toronto Blue Jays and the Seattle Mariners were added, expanding the league to 14 teams, with seven teams in the East and seven in the West. In 1994, the divisions were reorganized to form a three-division system with five teams in the East, five in the Central, and four in the West. Then, in 1998, the Brewers moved to the National League and were replaced by the up-and-coming Tampa Bay Devil Rays (now the Tampa Bay Rays). Compared to the National League, the American League has a short history, so it is commonly called the "Junior Circuit." In order to compete with the traditional National League, the American League has come up with some innovative ideas, and in 1973, it adopted the designated hitter system (DH system), which means that pitchers do not bat, but instead use batters who specialize in hitting. [Ryoichi Fukushima] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカのプロ野球リーグの頂点にたつ、大リーグ(メジャー・リーグ)の一つ。1876年創設のナショナル・リーグ(ナ・リーグ)に対抗すべく、1900年に元新聞記者のバン・ジョンソンが中心となり、当時シンシナティ・レッドストッキングス監督のチャールズ・コミスキーらが協力してアメリカン・リーグ(ア・リーグ)が結成された。翌1901年からリーグ戦が始まり、当初は大都市に本拠地を置くボルティモア、ボストン、シカゴ、クリーブランド、デトロイト、ミルウォーキー、フィラデルフィア、ワシントンの8球団で構成された。 その後、1950年代にチームの本拠地移転などでリーグ全体の人気が高まると、1961年に大リーグ史上初の球団数拡張を行い、ワシントン・セネタース(現、テキサス・レンジャーズ)、ロサンゼルス・エンゼルス(現、ロサンゼルス・エンゼルス・オブ・アナハイム)両球団が増えて10球団となった。続いて、1969年にカンザスシティ・ロイヤルズとシアトル・パイロッツ(現、ミルウォーキー・ブリュワーズ)の2球団が増えて12球団となり、同時に東西6球団ずつの地区制を採用した。さらに、1977年にトロント・ブルージェイズ、シアトル・マリナーズ両球団が増え、東西7球団ずつの14球団へ拡張。1994年には地区再編成を行い、東地区5球団、中地区5球団、西地区4球団の3地区制となった。そして、1998年にブリュワーズがナ・リーグへ移り、そのかわりに新興球団のタンパベイ・デビルレイズ(現、タンパベイ・レイズ)が誕生した。 ナ・リーグに比べて、ア・リーグは歴史が浅いので、俗に「ジュニア・サーキット」とよばれる。また、伝統的なナ・リーグに対抗すべく、いくつか斬新(ざんしん)なアイデアを打ち出し、1973年には「投手は打席に立たずに打撃専門のバッターを起用する」という指名打者制度(DH制)を採用した。 [福島良一] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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