Ammonia oxidation method - Ammonia oxidation method

Japanese: アンモニア酸化法 - あんもにあさんかほう
Ammonia oxidation method - Ammonia oxidation method

This method involves oxidizing ammonia NH3 to produce nitric acid HNO3 . Ammonia is mixed with air or oxygen and reacted with the help of a catalyst at a high temperature of about 900 ° C to obtain nitric oxide NO, which is then further oxidized to nitrogen dioxide NO2 after cooling. This nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water to produce nitric acid.

4NH 3 +5O 2 -→4NO+6H 2 O
2NO+ O2--2NO2
3NO 2 +H 2 O―→2HNO 3 +NO
Nitric oxide is also produced during this absorption process, but this is converted back into nitrogen dioxide and absorbed into water. In the normal pressure process, where the oxidation and absorption processes are carried out at 1 atmosphere, the product concentration is 50-60%, but by increasing the pressure (medium/high pressure process), a concentration of 65-68% is obtained. A mesh of thin wires made of platinum or a platinum-rhodium alloy is used as a catalyst. This method using a catalyst was developed in 1902 by the German Adolf Frank (1834-1916) and Nikodem Caro (1871-?), but it was not until 1914 that it was successfully commercialized by fellow Germans Adolf Frank (1834-1916) and Nikodem Caro (1871-?).

[Ginya Adachi]

[Reference] | Nitric acid

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アンモニアNH3を酸化して硝酸HNO3を製造する方法。アンモニアを空気または酸素と混合し、900℃程度の高温で触媒の助けを借りて反応させ、一酸化窒素NOを得、冷却後、これをさらに酸化して二酸化窒素NO2にする。この二酸化窒素を水に吸収させて硝酸を製造する。

  4NH3+5O2―→4NO+6H2O
  2NO+O2―→2NO2
  3NO2+H2O―→2HNO3+NO
この吸収過程でも一酸化窒素を生ずるがこれはふたたび二酸化窒素に変えて水に吸収させる。酸化や吸収の工程を1気圧で操業する常圧法では製品濃度は50~60%であるが、圧力を高める方式(中・高圧法)では65~68%のものが得られる。触媒として白金または白金・ロジウム合金の細線を網に編んで使用する。この触媒を用いる方法は1902年ドイツのオストワルトによって開発されたのでオストワルト法ともよばれているが、工業化に成功したのは同じドイツのフランクAdolf Frank(1834―1916)とカロNikodem Caro(1871―?)で1914年のことである。

[足立吟也]

[参照項目] | 硝酸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Ammonia soda process - Ammonia soda process

>>:  Ammonia oxidizing bacteria - Ammonia sankakin

Recommend

Daphne mezereum (English spelling) Daphnemezereum

… [Toshio Hamatani]. … *Some of the terminology t...

Obitoki - Obitoki

...In the Hokuriku and Chubu regions, the celebra...

Marot, Clément

Born: 1496. Cahors, Périgord Died September 12, 15...

opera buffa (English spelling) opera buffa

...The opera seria (serious opera) in Italy and t...

Southampton (English spelling)

A city in southern England, United Kingdom. A unit...

Michels, T.

…In animal stories, K. Knaak and F. Steuben made ...

Olivier

…The new theatre designed by D. Razdan was partia...

NTT [Stock] - NTT

...X.25 was later incorporated into the OSI proto...

ejector

…Mechanical vacuum pumps are similar to general g...

De l'amour (English spelling)

…After a long stay in his second home of Italy, m...

Naqsh-i Rustam

Achaemenid and Sassanid Persian ruins in Fars Prov...

Platypus (English spelling)

A monotreme aquatic mammal of the Platypus family ...

al-Mājini (English spelling)

...In the short story, after the Romantic school ...

Solution - Yotai (English spelling)

A homogeneous mixture in a liquid state. When it i...

qaṣr (English spelling) qasr

…(4) Tombs (qubba, gunbad, türbe, mashhad): These...