Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher

Japanese: ロッシャー - ろっしゃー(英語表記)Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher
Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher

German economist and central figure of the Old Historical School. Born in Hannover. Studied at both the universities of Göttingen and Berlin, and taught at the universities of Göttingen (1840) and Leipzig (1848-89), where he was active in both writing and teaching. He attempted to systematize economics using the historical method by applying the methods of German historical jurisprudence of F. K. Savigny and K. F. Eichhorn, and his early work Grundriss zur Vorlesungen über die Staatswirtschaft nach geschichtlicher Methode (1843) bore fruit, and the preface to this book eventually came to be regarded as the "Historical School Manifesto." He argued that the national economy is an organism that is generated and developed, and that economic phenomena must be considered in relation to all issues related to the state, such as legal systems, politics, and culture, and from that perspective he developed a theory of stages of development based on the nature of production factors. He wrote many books, including his major work, System der Volkswirtschaft (1854-94), which consists of five volumes, and made a great contribution to the necessity of historical and multifaceted consideration in economics. On the other hand, he has not escaped criticism for being somewhat anathematical.

[Tadashi Hayasaka]

"Yuzo Yamada, translated: 'Outline of Lectures on National Economics Based on Historical Method' (Iwanami Bunko)" "Eiichi Sugimoto, translated: 'A Study on the History of British Economics in the 16th and 17th Centuries' (1929, Dobunkan Publishing)"

[Reference] | Historical School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの経済学者、ドイツ旧歴史学派の中心的存在。ハノーバーに生まれる。ゲッティンゲン、ベルリン両大学で学び、ゲッティンゲン大学(1840)、ライプツィヒ大学(1848~89)で教壇に立ち、著作・教育の両面で精力的に活躍した。F・K・ザビニーやK・F・アイヒホルンらのドイツ歴史法学の手法を応用して経済学を歴史的方法によって体系化しようとし、その初期の著書『歴史的方法による国家経済学講義要綱』Grundriss zur Vorlesungen über die Staatswirtschaft nach geschichtlicher Methode(1843)にその試みを結実させ、同書の序文はやがて「歴史学派宣言」とみなされるようになった。国民経済は生成・発展する有機体であり、経済現象も法制・政治・文化等々の国家にかかわる全問題との関連で考察されなければならないと主張し、その観点から生産要素のあり方を基準にした発展段階説を展開した。五巻からなる主著『国民経済学体系』System der Volkswirtschaft(1854~94)をはじめ、多くの著書があり、経済学における歴史的・多面的考察の必要性を説いた功績は大きいが、他面、やや無理論的という批判から免かれてはいない。

[早坂 忠]

『山田雄三訳『歴史的方法に拠る国家経済学講義要綱』(岩波文庫)』『杉本栄一訳『16.17両世紀に於ける英国経済学史論』(1929・同文舘出版)』

[参照項目] | 歴史学派

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