Kingdom of Aragon (English spelling)

Japanese: アラゴン王国 - あらごんおうこく(英語表記)Reino de Aragón
Kingdom of Aragon (English spelling)

A kingdom in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula from the early 11th century to the 18th century. In the narrow sense, the Kingdom of Aragon corresponds to the three inland provinces of Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel today, but in a broader sense it refers to the United Kingdom of Aragon (Corona de Aragón), which includes Catalonia, Valencia, and the Balearic Islands.

After the fall of the Visigothic Kingdom in 711, the Pyrenees region, where some of the former powers had taken refuge, eventually came under the control of the Carolingian Empire, but since it was a remote region, it was only natural that it would become independent. Then, in the early 9th century, the rule of Aznar Galindo was established around Jaca, in the southern part of the Central Pyrenees, and it became the County of Aragon. After that, it strengthened its ties with the surrounding powers, especially the Kingdom of Navarre in the west, and merged with it in 922. With the death of Sancho III, King of Navarre, in 1035, Aragon became an independent kingdom. Soon after, with the aid of European forces, it began the Reconquista (war of recovery of the country), conquering Zaragoza and making it its capital in 1118, and then occupying other key cities, forming the future Aragonian territory. In 1137, to counter pressure from Castile in the west, the Princess of Aragon married the Count of Barcelona, ​​resulting in the birth of the United Kingdom of Aragon and Catalonia. In the first half of the 13th century, the two countries recaptured Valencia and the Balearic Islands from Islamic rule and added them to the union, then took the Sicilian Vespers (1282) as an opportunity to intervene and bring the islands under their control, and thereafter began to advance into Italy. In the mid-15th century, the United Kingdom of Aragon was united with Castile through the marriage of the Catholic kings, playing a part in the establishment of modern Spain, but its legal independence continued until the beginning of the 18th century.

[Kobayashi Kazuhiro]

[References] | Aragon | Iberian Peninsula | Catalonia | Sancho (III) | The Sicilian Vespers | Kingdom of Navarre | Balearic Islands | Valencia | Reconquista

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

11世紀初頭から18世紀にかけてのイベリア半島東部の一王国。狭義のアラゴン王国は、今日のウェスカとサラゴサとテルエルの内陸3県に相当するが、広義ではカタルーニャ、バレンシアおよびバレアレス諸島を含むアラゴン連合王国Corona de Aragónをさす。

 711年の西ゴート王国の滅亡後、旧勢力の一部が避難したピレネー一帯はやがてカロリング帝国の支配下に入ったが、もとより辺境であるために自主独立は自然の成り行きであった。そして9世紀初頭、中部ピレネーの南側ハーカJacaを中心に土侯アスナール・ガリンドAznar Galindoの支配が成立、アラゴン伯領となった。以後、周辺勢力、とくに西のナバラ王国との関係を強め、922年にはこれと合併した。1035年ナバラ王サンチョ3世の死とともに、アラゴンは独立王国となった。まもなくヨーロッパからの援軍を得てレコンキスタ(国土回復戦争)に着手、1118年にはサラゴサを征服して首都とし、ついでその他の拠点都市の占領によって後世のアラゴンの版図ができあがった。1137年、西のカスティーリャからの圧力に対抗するために、アラゴン王女とバルセロナ伯が結婚、この結果アラゴン・カタルーニャ連合王国が誕生した。13世紀前半、両国はバレンシアとバレアレス諸島をイスラムの支配から奪回して連合に加え、ついで「シチリアの晩鐘」(1282)を機に事態に介入して同島を支配下に収め、以後イタリア進出に乗り出した。15世紀中葉、カトリック両王の結婚を通じてアラゴン連合王国はカスティーリャと連合して近代スペイン成立の一端を担うが、その法制上の独自性は18世紀初頭まで存続した。

[小林一宏]

[参照項目] | アラゴン | イベリア半島 | カタルーニャ | サンチョ(3世) | シチリアの晩鐘 | ナバラ王国 | バレアレス諸島 | バレンシア | レコンキスタ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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