… M 0 is called the seismic moment, and is the most basic quantity that represents the strength of an earthquake. The amplitude of seismic waves observed is generally proportional to the moment. The difference between the shear stress σ 0 acting on the fault surface before the fault movement occurred and the stress σ 1 after the movement, ⊿σ = σ 1 - σ 0, is called the stress drop, and can be expressed as a function of D and S , or M 0 and S. In this way, the main quantities that physically determine fault movement, that is, several fault parameters, can completely express the circumstances of earthquake occurrence. … *Some of the terms mentioned in the description of "stress drop" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…M0は地震モーメントと呼ばれ,地震の強さを表す最も基本的な量であって,一般に観測される地震波の振幅はモーメントに比例する。また断層運動生成前に断層面に働いていた剪断応力σ0と生成後の応力σ1の差⊿σ=σ1-σ0を応力降下量と呼び,DとS,またはM0とSの関数として表すことができる。このようにして断層運動を物理的に規定する主要な量,すなわちいくつかの断層パラメーターによって,地震発生の状況を完全に表現できるようになった。… ※「応力降下量」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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