Fire cultivation and water cultivation

Japanese: 火耕水耨 - かこうすいどう
Fire cultivation and water cultivation

This is a farming method that is said to have been practiced in the Jiangnan region of China during the Han and Six Dynasties periods. There have been various interpretations of this method, but the content is unclear. Ying Shao of the Later Han Dynasty interpreted it as follows: "If you burn the grass, add water, and sow rice, the grass and rice will grow together. When the grass reaches a height of 7 or 8 inches, you cut it all off and add more water. The grass will die and only the rice will grow. This is what is known as fire farming and water harvesting." As Ying Shao himself described it as fire farming and water harvesting, it is questionable whether even his most detailed interpretation represents the actual situation. Du Yu of the Jin Dynasty considered it to be a farming method for reclaimed land, but it is reasonable to consider it a symbolic statement by the ancient Chinese of the backward Jiangnan agriculture, which was less intensive than the advanced field farming methods in North China.

[Shinichiro Watanabe]

"Studies on the Chinese Economic History" by Sadao Nishijima (1966, University of Tokyo Press) " "Asiatic Farming Methods and Agricultural Society" by Takekazu Nishiyama (1969, University of Tokyo Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

漢、六朝(りくちょう)期の中国江南地方に行われたとされる農法。従来からさまざまな解釈があるが、その内容はよくわからない。後漢(ごかん)の応劭(おうしょう)は「草を焼き水を入れて稲を種(う)えると、草と稲とがともに成長する。その高さが7、8寸になったところで、ことごとく刈り取ってさらに水を灌(そそ)ぐと、草は死んで稲だけが成長する。いわゆる火耕水耨である」と解釈している。応劭自身がそれをいわゆる火耕水耨と述べるように、もっとも詳細な彼の解釈でさえ、その実態を表すものであるかどうか疑問が残る。晋(しん)の杜預(どよ)はそれを開墾地における農法とみなしているが、華北の先進畑作農法に比べて集約化の遅れた後進的な江南農業を古代中国人が象徴的に言明したものと考えるのが妥当であろう。

[渡辺信一郎]

『西嶋定生著『中国経済史研究』(1966・東京大学出版会)』『西山武一著『アジア的農法と農業社会』(1969・東京大学出版会)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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