African art - African art (English spelling)

Japanese: アフリカ美術 - アフリカびじゅつ(英語表記)African art
African art - African art (English spelling)
Art of the African continent. Excludes Egyptian art and Afro-Roman and Afro-Islamic art, which are related to Roman and Islamic art. In North Africa, especially in the Atlas Mountains, Sahara Desert, and Libyan Desert, there are many rock paintings that can be divided into painted and engraved paintings. These are prehistoric art belonging to the Neolithic Capsa culture (8000-2700 BC), which is connected to eastern Spain, and the rock paintings that remain in large numbers in the area centered on Zimbabwe in South Africa and the art of the San people (also known as Bushmen) are also hunter-pastoral art that inherited this culture. However, the most fascinating thing about African art is the art of the various ethnic groups. This is diverse and has different characteristics for each ethnic group from ancient times to the present. The most important are human figures and masks, which are linked to magic, sorcery, and religion, and have "life force" inherent in them as a fundamental desire. The emotions emanating from intense passion are transferred to and embodied in artworks, and so they are characterized by bold gestures, simple forms, and decorativeness. Representative examples include woodcarvings, mainly of human figures, by the Baga, Dogon, and Bambara peoples, and masks by the Kuba and Bambara peoples. A unique cultural sphere has formed in Sao, Nok, and Ife in Nigeria, where remains of terracotta human head sculptures remain. Ife in particular had advanced bronze casting techniques, and has left behind excellent bronze head sculptures since the 12th century. This technique was passed on to Benin art, also in Nigeria, and in the 15th and 16th centuries, intricately crafted bronze and iron sculptures were produced. At the beginning of the 20th century, young artists such as Picasso were deeply influenced by this technique, as is well shown in Cubism and other works.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アフリカ大陸の美術。エジプト美術とローマやイスラム美術の系統に属するアフロ・ローマンおよびアフロ・イスラム美術は除外する。北アフリカ,特にアトラス山脈,サハラ砂漠,リビア砂漠を中心にした地域には,彩画と線刻画に分別できる岩面絵画が多く残っている。これらは東スペインにつながる,新石器時代カプサ文化 (前 8000~2700) に属する先史美術であり,南アフリカのジンバブエを中心にした地域に多く残っている岩壁画,サン族 (いわゆるブッシュマン) の美術も,この文化を継承する狩猟牧畜民美術である。しかしアフリカ美術で最も魅力に富むのは,諸民族の美術である。これは古代から現在にいたるまで,各民族によって特色を異にし,多種多様である。最も重要なものは人像と仮面であるが,それらは魔法や呪術,宗教と結びついていて,「生命力」を根元的な願望として内在させている。強烈な情熱から発せられる感情が美術品に移入され形象化しているので,それらは大胆な身ぶりと単純なフォルム,そして装飾性を特徴としてもっている。代表的な作例は,バガ族,ドゴン族,バンバラ族の人像を主とした木彫,クバ族やバンバラ族の仮面などである。またナイジェリアのサオ,ノク,イフェなどには特殊な文化圏が形成されていて,テラコッタの人頭彫刻の遺品がある。特にイフェでは青銅鋳造技術が進んでいて,12世紀頃から青銅のすぐれた人頭彫刻を残している。この技術は,同じくナイジェリアのベナン美術に受継がれ,15~16世紀頃,精巧な細工を施した青銅や鉄製の彫刻が作られている。 20世紀初めに,ピカソら若い芸術家が深く影響を受けたことはキュビスムなどによく示されている。

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