…In the first half of the 19th century, various styles were adopted, including Gothic, Italian villas and palazzos, and Romanesque. The Gothic Paulding House (designed by A. J. Davis, 1838-42, Lyndhurst) is a well-known example. In the mid-19th century, landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing (1815-52) introduced Tudor and Italian architecture and landscape gardening styles through his writings, while at the same time promoting the creation of a unique American style of wooden house, arguing that the distinctive features of traditional wooden architecture, namely sticks (wooden framework members) in both structure and finish, should be directly expressed. After the Civil War, new ideas were introduced for medium-sized houses, and the shingle style, a type of thatched roofing characterized by a free-form floor plan and an expansive expression of mass, produced masterpieces such as the Stoughton House (designed by H. H. Richardson, 1882-83, Cambridge). … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Downing, AJ" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…19世紀前半にはゴシックをはじめ,イタリアのビラとパラッツォ,ロマネスク等の各種様式が採り入れられ,その代表例としてゴシック様式のポールディング邸(設計A.J.デービス,1838‐42,リンドハースト)が知られる。19世紀中ごろ,造園家ダウニングAndrew Jackson Downing(1815‐52)は,その著作活動を通じてチューダー朝およびイタリア風の建築・造園様式を紹介する一方,伝来の木造建築の特色――構造と仕上げの両面に表れたスティック(木造骨組部材)――を直接表現すべきであると説いて,アメリカ独自の木造住宅様式の創始を促した。南北戦争後は中規模住宅に新機軸が打ち出され,とくに柿(こけら)葺きの一種で,自在な平面計画とのび広がるマッス(量塊)の表現を特徴とするシングル・スタイルshingle styleは,ストートン邸(設計H.H.リチャードソン,1882‐83,ケンブリッジ)等の傑作を生んだ。… ※「Downing,A.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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