Aphthous stomatitis - Stomatitis Aphthosa

Japanese: アフタ性口内炎 - あふたせいこうないえん(英語表記)Stomatitis Aphthosa
Aphthous stomatitis - Stomatitis Aphthosa
[What kind of disease is it?]
Shallow, round or oval ulcers (aphthae (Column: "Aphthae and Ulcers")) form on the oral mucosa; there may be one or many.
The edges of the ulcer are redder than the surrounding mucosa and are very painful when touched.
When these aphthae recur repeatedly, they are called recurrent aphthae. They will heal without leaving any scars within 7 to 10 days, but will recur again.
Recurrences may occur several times a year or as frequently as once a month.
It often occurs on the mucous membranes of the lips and inner cheeks, the tongue, and the gums.
[Cause]
The causes of aphtha include overwork, mental stress, gastrointestinal disorders, vitamin deficiencies, viral infections, and in women, endocrine disorders such as pregnancy and menstrual disorders. However, the cause of aphtha itself is still unknown.
Behcet's disease ("Behcet's disease") can begin with recurrent aphthous ulcers, and care should be taken if ulcers also form on the eyes and vulva.
[Treatment]
To make a diagnosis, we will test for the underlying cause and observe the inflammation and location in the oral cavity.
Treatment involves applying adrenal cortex hormone ointments such as Kenalog or ammethasone ointment to the areas where the aphtha has developed. Silver nitrate may also be applied.
To prevent this, try to avoid triggers such as overwork, mental stress, and gastrointestinal disorders.
It is also important to gargle and keep your mouth clean at all times.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 口腔粘膜(こうくうねんまく)に、円形あるいは楕円形(だえんけい)の浅い潰瘍(かいよう)(アフタ(コラム「アフタと潰瘍」))ができるもので、1個の場合もあれば、多数できる場合もあります。
 潰瘍のふちが周囲の粘膜よりも赤く、ものが触れたりすると強く痛みます。
 このアフタが再発をくり返す場合を、再発性アフタといい、7~10日ぐらいであとを残さず治りますが、また再発します。
 年に数回から月に一度程度の頻度で再発することもあります。
 くちびるや頬(ほお)の内側の粘膜、舌、歯ぐきによくおこります。
[原因]
 過労、精神的ストレス、胃腸障害、ビタミン不足、ウイルスの感染、女性では妊娠、月経異常といった内分泌異常(ないぶんぴついじょう)などが誘因になります。しかし、アフタそのものの原因は、まだ不明です。
 ベーチェット病(「ベーチェット病」)が、再発性アフタで始まることがあり、目や外陰部にも潰瘍のできているときは注意が必要です。
[治療]
 診断のため、原因となる誘因の検査を行ない、口腔内(こうくうない)の炎症状態、部位の観察を行ないます。
 治療としては、ケナログ、アムメタゾン軟膏(なんこう)などの副腎皮質(ふくじんひしつ)ホルモン軟膏をアフタのできている部位に塗ります。硝酸銀(しょうさんぎん)の塗布を行なうこともあります。
 予防としては、過労、精神的ストレス、胃腸障害などの誘因となるものを避けるようにします。
 うがいをして、いつも口内を清潔に保つこともたいせつです。

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