Shadow price - Kage no kakaku (English spelling) shadow price

Japanese: 影の価格 - かげのかかく（英語表記）shadow price

A basic concept in mathematical programming, also known as the hidden price or imputed price. Although mathematical programming itself does not necessarily imply a price, it is called this because it allows for the interpretation of a price in the context of important applications described below. Suppose there is a plan to achieve a certain goal by using multiple types of resources with limited available amounts. When, from among the many possible ways of using resources, the one that can achieve the highest target level is selected and a state is realized where no more can be achieved with the current amount of resources, this is said to be an efficient use of resources.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

数理計画法の基礎概念で，潜在価格あるいは帰属価格imputed priceともいう。数理計画自体では必ずしも価格という含意をもたないが，以下に述べる応用上重要な文脈で価格という解釈を許すところから，このように呼ばれる。利用可能量に制限のある複数種の資源を利用して，ある目標の達成を目指す計画があるとする。幾通りもありうる資源の利用法から，最高の目標水準を達成しうるものを選び，現存の資源量ではそれ以上を望めない状態を実現したとき，資源の有効利用という。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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